Mock Registry Exam-Final (200 Questions)

When performing MRI to rule out brain tumors, the weighted images acquired to evaluate the extent of lesion involvement, after injection of gadolinium, are:

T1

DCE MRA sequences of the mesenteric arteries are performed using:

incoherent GRE

How is the MR signal produced ?

Signal produced when in phase transverse magnetization cuts across a receive coil

The gradients in the MRI system -

alter the main magnetic field

On a T2 weighted image, edema appears bright because it has a _________ relaxation time.

long T2

A gradient echo sequence in which all the remaining residual transverse magnetization is removed prior to the next excitation pulse is known as:

incoherent or spoiled

Vertigo, Headaches, nausea, metal taste, are examples of ?

Short term effects of exposure to MR imaging

Which row of these images is T2 weighted with fat signal suppressed ?

D

All of the following would aid in reducing scan time EXCEPT:

TE

What is effective TE?

The calculated TE value

The gradient slew rate is:

how quickly the gradient magnetic field can be applied at a given amplitude and over a given distance measured in meters. 

What type of pulse sequence is this ?

CSE

If the third ventricle is dilated, but the fourth ventricle is not, there would then be pathology associated with:

aqueduct of Sylvius

When imaging a geriatric patient, while performing a PCA MRA sequence, what imaging parameter might the operator adjust?

VENC

If a 192 phase resolution is required, the TR must then be repeated _______ times (for 1 NEX).

192

What is required if the MRI table is not detachable ?

there must be an MRI safe gurney readily available

What is h ?

vestibulocochlear nerve

What is g ?

spinal cord

What is the FDA recommended amount of SAR for the head averaged over 10 minutes ?

2 w/Kg

When imaging the spine, to rule out metastatic lesions of the spinal cord, contrast enhancement is used with T1 weighted images because:

metastatic lesions (in the cord) enhance and normal cord does not

Using the SAR method, What is tissue heating measured in ?

w/kg

What is a type of fomite found in an MRI environment?

all of the above

What is 1 ?

humeral head

Collecting the low frequency (high amplitude signal) data points in k-space at the start of the scan (in a spiral fashion) is known as:

elliptic centric

What unit is B1+RMS measured in ?

micro Tesla

In a Fast Spin Echo (FSE) sequence acquired with a long TE, yielding T2 weighted images, scan time can be reduced by:

increase ETL

A STIR sequence with a TI time of 150 ms will null signal from fat at what field strength?

1.5T

The precessional frequency difference between fat and water at 1.5T is -

220 Hz

The __________________ runs the length of the falx cerebri.

superior sagittal sinus

The extent to which a material or tissue becomes magnetized in an external magnetic field is called:

magnetic susceptibility

When imaging a hemorrhagic infarct in the brain, which pulse sequence would demonstrate the magnetic susceptibility effects better?

C and/or D

What is D ?

supraspinatus tendon

Which of the following best describes a FSE sequence?

a train of 180° rephasing pulses are used

What letter is the intervertebral disc at L2-3 ?

C

What is c ?

anterior cruciate ligament

In a medical malpractice lawsuit, the ______ must be able to prove medical malpractice.

plaintiff

The pixel size of the images which result from a 3D acquisition using a 260mm FOV, a 320 x 320 matrix, 32 locations (views) and a volume of 64 mm is:

0.81 x 0.81 mm

What is 4 ?

C1/C2

 What weighted image would be created with the following parameters: TR 200  TE 20  FA 15

T2*

The unit of measurement of the magnetic field surrounding the periphery of the MR scanner is expressed as:

gauss

c and d are inside what structure ?

internal auditory canal

When a gradient echo sequence is selected for fast, breath hold dynamic contrast enhanced imaging of the abdomen, _____________ is utilized.

spoiling

What combination of TR and TE on a FSE would create a T2 contrast image ?

TR 5000, TE 100

What determines the amount of ferromagnetic reaction?

all of the above

Gradient echo sequences resulting in high signal from fluid are known as

T2*

What is d ?

glenoid labrum

Chemical or spectral fat suppression techniques suppress fat signal based on the:

Precessional frequency of fat

Reducing the flip angle in a GRE 2 will yield images with what change in image contrast?

decreased T1 weighting

What combination of TR and TE on a CSE would create a T1 contrast image ?

TR 500, TE 10

What is the percentage of patients reported to have allergic reactions to gadolinium contrast agents?

<1%

T2 weighted images are characterized by:

Dark fat and bright water

What is SAR ?

a measurement of RF absorption

Which letter is the superior sagittal sinus ?

a

What is letter D ?

nucleus pulposis

With regard to energy, protons in parallel alignment are in the _________ state, whereas protons in anti-parallel alignment are in the __________ state.

A and B

The process that digitizes the MR signals is known as:

Fourier transform

FSE uses _________, to fill multiple lines of ___________ per TR.

ETL, k-space

Reducing the TE in a CSE yields images with what change in image contrast?

A and B

Phase contrast MRA techniques produce images in which the signal intensity within the vessel is dependent upon the:

flow velocity

In what orientation would a tear of the collateral ligaments of the knee be best visualized?

coronal

The readout gradient is usually turned on during the sampling or readout of the peak echo and also during which other process?

frequency encoding

As the number of phase encodings is increased from 256 to 512, SNR (signal to noise ratio):

decreases

What is letter h ?

cerebral aqueduct

In order to acquire an intracranial arterial blood flow sequence, a presaturation pulse would be applied in which location?

superior to the slice group

A magnetic vector possesses attributes of both __________ and _____________.

magnitude and direction

Which row of these images are T2 weighted ?

A

Which of the following sequences is the most insensitive to magnetic field inhomogeneity?

FSE

Healthcare workers generally practice ___________, which states the "goal is to do no harm."

Beneficence

A remedy for a Gibbs truncation artifact would be:

increase phase matrix

What is c ?

lateral meniscus

What is letter E ?

annulus fibrosis

Choose the correct slice thickness to create an isotropic voxel for the following: TR 2000, TE 90, Matrix 272 x 272, FOV 24cm.

.88mm

Gradient echo sequences differ from spin echo sequences:

A and B

Ferromagnetic material attraction is also known as?

missile effect

Which of the following is not a factor affecting the patients thermoregulatory response ?

Hypotension

As the TR is increased,

I. SNR is increased

II. Available number of slices is increased

III. T2 information is maximized

I,II

What is d ?

posterior cruciate ligament

What controls the amount of T2 dephasing that occurs when the signal is read ?

TE

What is/are the major factor or factors, used to calculate SAR ?

A, B and C

What is "resonance" ?

transfer of energy

What type of pulse sequence is this ?

IR

CSF suppression is performed with which type of technique?

FLAIR

The phase encoding step is performed:

Prior to frequency encoding

The Ernst angle can be defined as the optimal ___________ that yields the ____________ signal for a particular spin in the least amount of time.

flip angle; maximum

What zone should all persons be supervised ?

zone 3 and 4

What is d ?

acromion process

To produce an image based on differences in T1, the time interval between 90° excitation pulses should be:

short

What is a Hahn echo ?

Any two 90° RF pulses produce one

In a fast spin echo sequence with a 25 cm FOV, 224 x 320 matrix, TR 2500, 100 TE, 3mm slice thickness, 12 ETL and 4 NEX, the scan time would be:

3 minutes and 7 seconds

________ sequences use T1 gradient echoes with TR and FA selections to suppress

signal from stationary tissues, visualizing flowing blood by flow-related enhancement, whereas

__________ sequences use T2 gradient echoes with parameter selections that suppress stationary

tissue and rely on velocity-induced phase shifts for vascular signal.

TOF MRA; PC MRA

What is dB/dT ?

gradient amplitude change over time

The structures that comprise the rotator cuff in the shoulder are:

I. Deltoid muscle

II. Subscapularis muscle and tendon

III. Infraspinatus muscle and tendon

IV. Teres minor muscle and tendon

V. Supraspinatus muscle and tendon

VI. Trapezius muscle and tendon

II,III,IV,V

To increase the voxel volume, which parameters would be adjusted?

FOV, slice thickness, matrix

Which row of these images are T1 weighted ?

C

Which parameter combination will yield the best spatial resolution?

3mm slice thickness, 256 x 256 matrix

What is b ?

supraspinatus muscle

The receiver bandwidth (rBW) affects:

I. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)

II. Slice thickness

III. Chemical shift

IV. Spatial resolution

I and III only

All of the following yield a higher signal-to-noise ratio EXCEPT:

decrease slice thickness

What is letter G ?

spleen

The MRI system component that produces the magnetization of proton spins (alignment) is known as the:

Bo