Chorus midterm

pp

pianissimo ( very soft )

p

piano ( soft )

mp

mezzopiano ( medium soft )

mf

Mezzoforte ( medium loud )

f

Forte ( loud )

ff

Fortissimo ( very loud )

#

sharp

b

flat

natural

sixteenth rest

eighth rest

quarter rest

half rest

whole rest

sixteenth note

eight note

quarter note

half note

whole note

dotted half note

2/2 time

4/4 time

¾ time

articulation

how individual notes are played or sung, affecting their start (attack), duration, connection, and release, adding expression and character beyond just pitch and rhythm, similar to speech

dynamics

the volume or loudness/softness of sounds and the variations between them, adding emotion, contrast, and expression to a piece

sharps

a symbol that raises a note's pitch by one semitone (or half-step), making it sound slightly higher

flats

lowers a note's pitch by one semitone (half step) from its natural position, indicated by a stylized 'b' placed before the note on the staff

natural

the natural sign (♮), a symbol that cancels a preceding sharp (♯) or flat (♭) within a measure, returning the note to its base pitch, often a white key on a piano

pitch

pitch is the perceived highness or lowness of a sound, determined by the frequency of its sound waves; higher frequencies create higher pitches (like a whistle), while lower frequencies create lower pitches (like a bass drum),

alto

how to spell

Soprano

how to spell

bass

how to spell

tenor

how to spell