APCSP Internet

Internet

A global network connecting millions of computers for communication and data sharing.

World Wide Web

A system of linked web pages accessed via the Internet using browsers.

Uniform Resource Locator

The web address used to find a specific webpage or file online.

HTTP

Hypertext Transfer Protocol; the communication protocol for transferring web pages.

HTTPS

Secure version of HTTP that encrypts data between browser and server.

HTML

Hypertext Markup Language; the code used to create and structure web pages.

Web Browser

Software used to access and view web pages on the internet.

Server

A powerful computer that stores websites and sends them to clients on request.

Client

A device or program that requests and receives information from a server.

Router

A device that directs data traffic between networks.

IP Address

A unique number assigned to each device on a network.

Domain Name

A human-readable web address representing an IP address.

Domain Name System

The system that translates domain names into IP addresses.

DNS Spoofing

A cyberattack where fake DNS data redirects users to malicious sites.

DNS Attack

Any attack targeting the DNS infrastructure to disrupt or redirect traffic.

Firewall

A security system that controls incoming and outgoing network traffic.

Cookie

Small data file stored on a user’s device by websites to remember information.

Phishing

A scam where attackers pretend to be trustworthy to steal personal info.

Cybersecurity

Practices and technologies used to protect computers and data from attacks.

Public Key Encryption

A method of securing data using two keys: public and private.

Certificate

A digital document that verifies the identity of a website or organization.

Packet

A small piece of data sent over a network.

Bandwidth

The maximum data transfer capacity of a network connection.

Protocol

A set of rules for how data is sent and received on a network.

Internet Protocol (IP)

Protocol that defines addressing and routing of packets on the internet.

Transmission Control Protocol

A protocol that ensures reliable and ordered delivery of data.

Fault Tolerant

A system's ability to continue working properly even if parts fail.

Redundancy

Having backup components or systems to prevent failure.

Computing Device

Any electronic device capable of processing data.

Computing System

Combined hardware and software that work together to perform tasks.

Computing Network

A group of connected computing devices that share resources.

Sequential Programming

Programming where instructions run one after another in order.

Parallel and Distributed Programming

Programming that runs instructions simultaneously across multiple processors.

Digital Divide

The gap between those who have access to digital technology and those who do not.