Chemical messenger classifications

What are examples of amino acid chemical messengers?

Glutamate, Aspartate, Glycine, GABA.

Where are receptors for amino acid messengers located?

In the plasma membrane of target cells.

What type of chemical messengers are catecholamines and histamine?

Amines.

Where are thyroid hormone receptors located?

In the cytosol/nucleus.

Can steroid hormones be stored in secretory vesicles?

No, they are made and released immediately.

What do steroid hormones require for transport to target cells?

Carrier proteins.

What is a characteristic of eicosanoids related to storage?

They cannot be stored in secretory vesicles and are made and released immediately.

What is the common feature of lipophobic/hydrophilic chemical messengers regarding transport?

No carrier needed for transport to target cells.

What is an example of a peptide/protein hormone?

Insulin.

How do lipophilic/hydrophobic hormones interact with receptors?

Receptors are in the cytosol/nucleus.

What are examples of different kinds of amines?

Catecholamines (like epinephrine and norepinephrine), histamine, Serotonin, thyroid hormone.

What is the one major example of a peptide/protein given.

Insulin. Lipophobic, stored in vesicles, no carrier protein needed, receptors in the plasma membrane.

What are the major steroid examples given?

Estradiol, Cortisol, Aldosterone, Progesterone, Testosterone. All are lipophilic, and are made on demand, cannot be stored. Carrier proteins are needed for transport.