2) transplantations borderland

jamestown - 1607

first successful english colony in north america

joint stock company - came for profit

the virginia company - chartered

early problems of jamestown

lure of gold

too many second sons (primogeniture - 1st sons inherit)

bad location - swampy, mosquitoes

starving times - 10% survival rate

captain john smith - no work, no food

reorganization

de la warrs harsh discipline

house of burgesses - representative democracy, virginias legislative body

powhatan indians - pocahontas

tobacco

john rolfe - essential in planting and promoting it

started the tobacco economy - cash crop

expansion

used the headwright system - way of getting people over and land distribution

indentured servants - 1619, women, convicted criminals

suppression of powhatan indians - better tech, push them from their land

end of virginia company - revoke the charter

virginia becomes a royal colony in 1624

maryland and the calverts

starts for religious motives - lord baltimore brings catholics

proprietary rule (1632) - british crown granted charters to people given extensive rights

virginias westward expansion

made settlements on the coast

indentured servants

berkeleys autocratic rule

created tension between settlers that were forced west due to the arrival of new settlers

bacons rebellion

conflict between the planter elite and small farmers

backcountry grievances

underlying cause was the planter class’ exclusive hold on political and economic power

significance: starts the idea of taxation without representation

growth of chesapeake

1607-1750

plymouth plantation, 1620

mayflower compact - first democratic governing document on english colonies, create laws for the common good of the colony

pilgrims

separatists

relations with the indians

william bradford - governor for many years

massachusetts bay experiment

massachusetts company

first puritan colony

jonn winthrop - “a city upon a hill”, encourage the puritans to be a visible model (an early beginning of american exceptionalism)

congregational church

theocratic society - religious leaders hold political power over states laws

expansion of new england

roger williams - rhode island, separation of church and state is essential as a protection of religion

anne hutchinson - challenged puritan authority and spoke about her own interpretation of the Bible

thomas hooker - puritan minister, helped found the connecticut colony and hartford,

new haven

new hampshire

captain john mason - founder of new hampshire

lumber - was a commission merchant then a partner in josh mason loomis and co (lumber firm)

maine

not a separate colony

extension of massachusetts

not one of the 13 colonies

vermont

not an english colony

not one of the 13 colonies

settlers and natives

importance of indian assistance

shifting attitudes

conflict with the natives

pequot war - 1634-1638, competition of land and control of fur trading

king philips war - 1675-1676

• growing tensions between english and native americans

• sparked by the shooting of a native american

the restoration colonies

new netherland, new york, new jersey

capture of new amsterdam

establishment of new jersey - carved off a portion of his proprietorship

the quaker colonies - the society of friends

God spoke directly to them through an inner light

minister wasn’t necessary to discover God’s word

no predestination

no original sin

modest clergy - not wealthy

separation of church and state

william penn

sole authority

conservative

quaker colonies

charter of liberties

sexual equallity

excellent relations with indians

delaware

the carolinas

incentives for settlement

north and south carolina

rewards for loyalty

8 proprietors

avoid spanish encroachment

tobbaco, rice

south carolina: indigo

carribean islands

antigua

jamaica

st. kitts

barbados

founding of georgia

james oglethorpes vision - penal colony for debtors

no rum, no slavery

georgias military rationale was a buffer against the spanish

development of empire

dominion of new england

navigation acts - controlled trade to benefit england

glorious revolution, 1688 - turning point in power, people > monarch