DNA and protein synthesis

What does DNA stand for

Deoxyribonucleic acid

What scientists reinforced discovery of the shape of DNA through picture 51

James Watson and Francis Crick

Who took picture 51 discovering the shape of DNA

Rosalind Franklin

What is the shape of DNA

Double helix

What is DNA made of

A base, sugar, and a phosphate

What pairs with Adenine (DNA)

Thymine

What pairs with Adenine (RNA)

Uracil

What pairs with Cytosine

Guanine

What type of bonds are the bonds keeping bases together

weak nitrogen bonds

what is the name for the two sides of the double helix

The sugar phosphate backbone

What type of bond holds the sugar phosphate backbone together

Strong phosphodiester bonds

What are chromosomes 

DNA wrapped tightly around proteins 

How many chromosomes do human cells have

46 chromosomes or 23 pairs

What shape is RNA

single helix

Why is RNA its shape

DNA is too big to leave the nucleus so, DNA turns its self into RNA so it can leave the nucleus and help make proteins

What are the different types of RNA

Messenger RNA, Transfer RNA, and Ribosomal RNA

What do proteins do

They code your body to determine your features, such as hair/ eye color, height, and bone and muscle structures.

What happens when you have missing proteins

defections and diseases

What is the sugar in DNA called

Deoxyribose

What is the sugar in RNA called

Ribose

What does RNA stand for

Ribonucleic acid

What are the building blocks of proteins 

Amino acids

a segment of DNA that codes for a specific trait

Gene

What does mRNA do

carries messages to the ribosomes outside of the nucleus

What does tRNA do

Carries amino acids to ribosomes

what are ribosomes made of

rRNA

How does DNA become RNA

An enzyme “unzips” the DNA in the nucleus and transcribes the DNA into mRNA

What are the “Rungs” of the helix ladder made of

Nitrogen bases