Studied by 4 peopleCell Division
Process by which a cell divides into 2 new daughter cells
Asexual Reproduction
The production of genetically identical offspring from a single parent
Sexual Reproduction
The production of offspring from 2 different sets of DNA
Chromosomes
"Packages" of genetic information
Chromatin
Combination of chromosomes and protein
Cell Cycle
The life cycle of a cell
Interphase
G1, S, and G2 phases, where the all spends 90% of its life
Mitosis
M phase, cell division in which the nucleus divides
Cytokinesis
"Cutting" of the cytoplasm/cell
Prophase
Longest phase of mitosis, chromosomes become visible, spindles being to form, nucleus disappears
Metaphase
Shortest phase of mitosis, chromosomes line up across the center of the cell
Anaphase
Sister chromatids separate, get moved apart to opposite sides of the cell, chromosomes become 2 separate groups
Telophase
Chromosomes "unwind", become chromatin again, nucleus reappears, ends when 2 nuclei appear
Centromere
Area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached
Chromatid
One of two identical "sister" parts of a duplicated chromosome
Centriole
Structures where the spindle fibers originate
Embryo
An organism in the earliest stage of development
Stem Cell
Unspecialized cells before they differentiate
Cyclins
Regulatory proteins that control the cell cycle
Cancer
Body cells lose the ability to control growth
Tumor
Caused when cancer cells don't know when to stop dividing
Apoptosis
Programmed cell death
Why is it important for cells to stay small?
As cells get larger, more demands are placed on the cell's DNA, and it is harder to transport nutrients around the cell
What part of the chromosome is the arrow pointing to?
The sister chromatids
What part of the chromosome is the arrow pointing to?
The centromere
What is the relationship between chromatin and chromosomes?
Chromatin is a mixture of DNA that becomes chromosomes
When in mitosis does the chromosomes appear?
In prophase when the chromatin turns into chromosomes
When in mitosis does the chromatin appear?
In telophase when the chromosomes are turned back into chromatin
What happens during the G1 phase?
The cell grows
What happens during the S phase?
The cell's DNA is replicated
What happens during the G2 phase?
The cell prepares for mitosis
What happens during the M phase?
Mitosis
What happens during cytokinesis?
The cytoplasm is split, complete the cell division process
What is the order for mitosis?
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
What phase of mitosis is shown?
Prophase
What phase of mitosis is shown?
Metaphase
What phase of mitosis is shown?
Anaphase
What phase of mitosis is shown?
Telophase
What phase of mitosis is shown?
Cytokinesis
Which phase of mitosis is the longest?
Prophase
Which phase of mitosis is the shortest?
Metaphase
How is cell division regulated?
Cyclins
What happens when cell division is not regulated?
Cancer
What is a tumor?
A mass of cancerous cells that don't know when to stop growing
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