Miller Chapter 10
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44 Terms
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Cell Division
Process by which a cell divides into 2 new daughter cells
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Asexual Reproduction
The production of genetically identical offspring from a single parent
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Sexual Reproduction
The production of offspring from 2 different sets of DNA
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Chromosomes
"Packages" of genetic information
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Chromatin
Combination of chromosomes and protein
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Cell Cycle
The life cycle of a cell
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Interphase
G1, S, and G2 phases, where the all spends 90% of its life
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Mitosis
M phase, cell division in which the nucleus divides
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Cytokinesis
"Cutting" of the cytoplasm/cell
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Prophase
Longest phase of mitosis, chromosomes become visible, spindles being to form, nucleus disappears
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Metaphase
Shortest phase of mitosis, chromosomes line up across the center of the cell
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Anaphase
Sister chromatids separate, get moved apart to opposite sides of the cell, chromosomes become 2 separate groups
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Telophase
Chromosomes "unwind", become chromatin again, nucleus reappears, ends when 2 nuclei appear
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Centromere
Area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached
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Chromatid
One of two identical "sister" parts of a duplicated chromosome
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Centriole
Structures where the spindle fibers originate
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Embryo
An organism in the earliest stage of development
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Stem Cell
Unspecialized cells before they differentiate
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Cyclins
Regulatory proteins that control the cell cycle
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Cancer
Body cells lose the ability to control growth
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Tumor
Caused when cancer cells don't know when to stop dividing
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Apoptosis
Programmed cell death
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Why is it important for cells to stay small?
As cells get larger, more demands are placed on the cell's DNA, and it is harder to transport nutrients around the cell
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What part of the chromosome is the arrow pointing to?
The sister chromatids
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What part of the chromosome is the arrow pointing to?
The centromere
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What is the relationship between chromatin and chromosomes?
Chromatin is a mixture of DNA that becomes chromosomes
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When in mitosis does the chromosomes appear?
In prophase when the chromatin turns into chromosomes
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When in mitosis does the chromatin appear?
In telophase when the chromosomes are turned back into chromatin
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What happens during the G1 phase?
The cell grows
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What happens during the S phase?
The cell's DNA is replicated
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What happens during the G2 phase?
The cell prepares for mitosis
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What happens during the M phase?
Mitosis
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What happens during cytokinesis?
The cytoplasm is split, complete the cell division process
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What is the order for mitosis?
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
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What phase of mitosis is shown?
Prophase
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What phase of mitosis is shown?
Metaphase
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What phase of mitosis is shown?
Anaphase
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What phase of mitosis is shown?
Telophase
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What phase of mitosis is shown?
Cytokinesis
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Which phase of mitosis is the longest?
Prophase
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Which phase of mitosis is the shortest?
Metaphase
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How is cell division regulated?
Cyclins
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What happens when cell division is not regulated?
Cancer
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What is a tumor?
A mass of cancerous cells that don't know when to stop growing