Medsurg Exam 3: Musculoskeletal

3

Chronic low back pain last ____+ months

Herniated disc

Severe pain when lifting the leg while laying down indicates what

Contracted

Correct standing posture includes keeping the stomach and butt ______________

Osteoarthritis

Noninflammatory degenerative disorder of the joints

Cartilage

Osteoarthritis is a breakdown of ______________ causing bones to rub together

Osteophyes

Bone spurs that protrude into joint space in Osteoarthritis

Total arthroplasty

The replacement of both articular surfaces within one joint

**Replacing both femoral head and acetabulum of hip

Hemiarthroplasty

Replacement of part of the joint

**Replacing just the femoral head

Abductor

Following a hip arthroplasty, an ____________________ pillow should be used

90

Following a hip arthroplasty, avoid flexing the hip past ____ degree
**Avoid bending forward when using the restroom

1

Patients should begin ambulating with a walker or crutches ___ after a hip arthroplasty

Osteoporosis

Bone regeneration malfunction
**Bone resorption > bone reformation

Kyphosis

Which curvature of the spine is often associated with osteoporosis

Calcium & vitamin D

In order to prevent osteoporosis, a diet high in ___________ & ____________ should be consumed through out life

Bisphosphonates

inhibits osteoclasts

**Patients need to stay upright for 30 minutes after administration

Calcitonin

Increases calcium in the bones by decreasing calcium in the blood

Steroids

Risk factor for osteoporosis

Osteomalacia

Softening and weakening of long bones due to deficiency of Vitamin D, calcium, and phosphate

Vitamin D

In osteomalacia a deficiency of _____________ causes lack of bone mineralization and low extracellular calcium & phosphate

Sunlight

Exposure to ____________ may be recommended with osteomalacia to increase vitamin D

Paget disease

Bone breakdown followed by excessive rebuild

Osteomyelitis

Infection of the bone usually caused by MRSA

Contusion

Soft tissue injury produced by blunt force

Strain

Pulled muscle injury to the musculotendinous unit

Sprain

Injury to ligaments and supporting muscle fiber around joint

Disclocation

Articular surfaces of joint are not in contact

Subluxation

Partial or incomplete dislocation

RICE

Acronym for soft tissue injury management

Closed/simple

Fracture where there is no break in skin

Open/complex

Fracture that breaks through skin
**Graded I-III based on severity

Crepitus

A crackling or grating sound usually of bones that indicates a fracture

Fat embolism

Complication of a fracture where bone puts off fat that moves through the body

Compartment syndrome

Compression of nerves and blood vessels causing pain (and 5 p's) after putting on a cast

Heart

Patients requiring a brace, cast, or splint should elevate extremity above the __________

Screws

With an external fixation device, the ____________ should not be touched

Traction

Application of pulling force to a part of the body to reduce muscle spasms, realign, immobilize, or increase space

8

In a patient with skeletal traction, pressure points should be assessed at least every ___ hours

Phantom limb pain

Pain in a limb (or extremity) that has been amputated
*Gradually improves

Presurgery

The major goal for amputation is mobility back to _____________ ability