Midterm Exam Review: Langlit

dramatic irony

situations when the author reveals more information to the reader, but not the characters

situational irony

when something happens that’s the opposite of what is expected

ex. a fire station burns down

verbal irony

when what is said is the opposite of the literal meaning

ex. Oh, great! Another rainy day!

allusion

reference to a well- known person, place, event, or story, which is used for the reader to understand something

ex. He was a real Romeo with the ladies

pun

the usually humorous use of a word to suggest two or more of its meanings or the meaning of another word similar in sound

ex. Time flies like an arrow, fruit flies like bananas

synecdoche

you use a part of something to represent the whole thing

ex. I like your new set of wheels (meaning I like your new car)

metaphor

directly compare two different things by saying one thing is another, essentially describing something using an image or concept that isn't literally true, to create a vivid picture in the reader's mind

ex. Time is a thief

simile

comparing two things using like or as

ex. her smile was like the sun

hyperbole

exaggeration

ex. I’m so hungry I could eat a horse

characterization

description of a character’s personality, physical traits, actions, thoughts, and point of view

sensory imagery: sight

using descriptive words in writing that make the reader feel like they can experience something through their senses (sight, sound, smell, taste, touch)

personification

a figure of speech that is used to attribute human characteristics to something that is not human

tone

the attitude that a character or narrator or author takes towards a given subject (conveyed through their words or voice)

theme

the main subject that is being discussed or described in a piece of writing, a movie, etc.

symbolism

the use of words, images, or objects to represent an idea, feeling, emotion, or other concept

DIDLS

strategy for annotation and style analysis

diction

author’s choice of words and connotations

imagery

the use of descriptions and fully developed details (5 senses)

language

characteristics of the words used (slang, academic, formal, informal)

syntax

the way sentences are structured (sentence structure)

details

facts included or those missing

twelfth night thematic concepts

love, deception, identity

exposition

beginning of story that introduces setting, characters, situation

inciting incident

the event that sets off the action in the story

climax

story’s turning point, most exciting part

falling action

events leading down to the resolution

resolution

consequences for protagonists actions

sonnet

14-line poem that follows a rhyme scheme

Shakespearean sonnet

3 quatrains (4 lines) and 1 couplet (2 lines), and a volta (changing point in the poem)

frugal (adj.)

thriftful, careful with money

apartheid (n.)

South African’s official policy and system of segregation

animosity (n.)

a feeling of hostile dislike

enjambment

the continuation of a phrase beyond the end of a line of a verse

cuckhold

a man whose wife has committed adultery

divulge

make known (private information)

fervor

strong feeling of excitement and intensity

accost

approach and address someone boldly or strongly

surfeit

an excessive amount of something

abatement

ending, reduction, or lessening of something

transgress

infringe or go beyond the bounds of

infirmity

physical or mental weakness

resolute

admirably purposeful, determined, and unwavering

prodigal

spending money or resources freely and recklessly