Studied by 51 PeopleTags & Description
John C. Calhoun
A War Hawk leader that created the South Carolina Exposition and the "positive good" idea
Maysville Road
A new government-funded road that would have expanded the national road, but it was vetoed by Jackson
South Carolina Exposition
Argued that the Order of Nullification was constitutional because states have different economic structures, and since tariffs don't serve them well, they have the right to nullify them
Jackson's Position of Land
That American land is ours, and Native Americans don't belong there
Clay and Webster's Position
Jackson's State Bank Plan
Remove both state banks at any cost, especially with the use of the veto
Order of Nullification
South Carolina self-decreed that the state would not be required to pay federal government tariffs
Force Bill
Jackson created bill that forced SC to pay tariffs but also reduced all tariffs to their 1816 level
Connection between Secession and State's Rights
Being able to succeed allows States to have independent rights from the government
Compromise Tariff of 1832
A deal between Henry Clay and John Calhoun that would lower tariffs over the next decade and ended the nullification crisis
Nicholas Biddle
The president of the National Bank that also gave it a bad reputation
Kitchen Cabinet
Jackson's personally devoted advisors, including Martin Van Buren, Francis Preston Blair, Amos Kendall, and Roger Taney
Martin Van Buren
Andrew Jackson's VP and chief campaign strategist
Roger Taney
Served as an attorney general, treasury secretary, and finally as a Jackson appointee to the Supreme Court
Patronage/Spoils System
A Jacksonian system of giving government positions to those loyal to Jackson (even through bribes)
Dismantling of the American System
Jackson's main goal was to undo the American System, using the veto to get rid of the Second National Bank and the Internal Improvements Bill
Jackson and the Veto
Jackson used the Veto as a weapon, even more than passing laws, including against the Second National Bank and the Internal Improvements Bill
Jackson and the Native Americans
Jackson had a policy of removal for the Natives, manifesting in the Indian Removal Act and the Trail of Tears
Indian Removal Act
Provided a federal plan to forcibly relocate Natives west of the Mississippi River into the Oklahoma and Kansas territories
Worcester v. Georgia
Supreme Court Case where the Cherokee were affirmed in their rights to their ancestral lands, but by 1835, were sidestepped
Trail of Tears
The forcible death-march relocation of 14,000 Cherokee into western territories
Corrupt Bargain
A deal between Adams and Clay, the speaker of the House, to skew votes in Adams's favor, stained Adams's reputation and put Henry Clay as secretary of state
1st Party System
The parties of the Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans
2nd Party System
The parties of the Democrats and the National Republicans/Whigs
Northern Whigs
Whigs in the north that supported abolitionism
Southern Whigs
Whigs in the south that were nativist and supported slavery
Free Masons
A secular, secret, and fraternal society dedicated to upholding Enlightenment ideals
Anti-Masons
A party opposed to supporting and voting for anyone who professed membership of the Freemasons
Workingman's Parties
A political party that opposed class division and upper class superiority through trade unions, strikes, and boycotts
Panic of 1837
An economic crisis caused by financial instability due to removing the Second National Bank
Specie Circular
A law created by the Treasury that ordered hard currency payments for all federal land payments, reducing speculation
Hard Currency
Currency in the form of gold silver
Speculation
Avoiding of paying off loans for various things
Independent Treasury Act
Established independent treasury deposit offices separate from private or state banks to receive government funds
William Henry Harrison
An American general who led in the Battle of Tippecanoe and the Thames and also applied for the 9th US presidency but died in office after 30 days
John Tyler
The VP to William Henry Harrison that took the 10th presidency upon Harrison's death
Increase in Voter Participation
Property qualifications to vote were mostly removed by Jackson's presidency, allowing the poor to vote (largely supporting Jackson as a result)
Abolitionism
A movement for removing the policy of slavery because it violates our values as Americans and can't continue in a democratic nation
Quakers and Slavery
Quakers were largely opposed to slavery as peacemaking agents, and thus led portions of the Abolitionist movement
American Colonization Society
An Abolitionist organization focused on primarily relocating free blacks to Africa
Liberia
A country organized by the American Colonization Society that was intended as a safe haven for African-American slaves
David Walker
An American Abolitionist, writer, and anti-slavery activist that wrote an Appeal to the Colored Citizen, which increase southern white paranoia
Necessary Evil
Argument to justify slavery by saying that while it is unpleasant, is it necessary for our American economy
Garrison and the Liberator
William Lloyd Garrison is a white writer and publisher of the Abolitionist newspaper called the Liberator
Frederick Douglas
A free black American that had excellent writing and oratory skills, wrote the North Star newspaper
Gag Rule
Prevented any discussion or thing concerning abolition or slavery on Congressional floors
Liberty Party
A minor political party that supported the abolitionist movement by saying the Constitution was anti-slave
Relation between market economy and slavery
Both the North and South were tied to slavery because the North's manufacturing was tied to the exports created by slavery in the South
Forms of Slave Resistance
Revolts, e.g. Toussaint L'Ouverture, Gabriel's Rebellion, Denmark Vesey (mirrors Gabriel's rebellion), and Turner's Rebellion, and holding on to religion, common language, family, and music
Harriet Tubman
Leader of the Underground Railroad, a network of safehouses that would lead slaves to freedom