Kin 272 Practical 1

Left atrium

Left ventricle

Right atrium

right ventricle

Apex of heart

Base of heart

purple

Chordae tendineae

Papillary muscle

interventricular septum

Aorta

Inferior vena cava

Superior vena cava

Pulmonary trunk (as distinct structure from pulm. a.)

Pulmonary artery (identify left vs. right)

Pulmonary veins (there are 4, identify left vs. right)

(pink & green)

Coronary sinus

Great cardiac vein

Circumflex branch of left coronary artery

Right coronary artery

Right atrioventricular valve (or tricuspid valve)

Left atrioventricular valve (or bicuspid valve or mitral valve)

Aortic valve (aortic semilunar valve)

Pulmonary valve (pulmonary semilunar valve)

Pulmonary trunk

Pulmonary artery

How does the myocardium of the left ventricle compare to that of the right ventricle?

You should know the difference between "pulmonary circulation" vs. "systemic circulation"

You should be able to identify the prior or next structure as blood circulates and/or what valve it passes through

Pulmonary vs. Systemic Circulation

Valves or structures that the blood passes through in order

What are the antigens that determine blood type?

A, B, Rh

Where are the antigens located?

on the surface of red blood cells

Where are the antibodies located?

plasma

What is agglutination?

clumping of red blood cells

How to read agglutination test results to determine blood type

Clumps with Anti-A = A antigen present.

Clumps with Anti-B = B antigen present.

Clumps with Anti-D = Rh positive.

Example 1:

Anti-A: clumps

Anti-B: no clumps

Anti-D: clumps→ Blood type A+

Example 2:

Anti-A: no clumps

Anti-B: clumps

Anti-D: no clumps→ Blood type B−

Example 3:

Anti-A: clumps

Anti-B: clumps

Anti-D: clumps→ Blood type AB+

Example 4:

Anti-A: no clumps

Anti-B: no clumps

Anti-D: no clumps→ Blood type O−

erythrocyte

- no nucleus

- Biconcave disc shape

basophil

- bilobed nucleus, U/S shaped

- blue/black granules

eosinophil

- Bilobed nucleus

- deep pink granules

neutrophil

- Leukocyte

- Multilobed nucleus

- Pale pink granules

monocyte

- large, horseshoe nucleus

lymphocyte

- round or indented nucleus

What leukocytes are classified as granulocytes?

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

What leukocytes are classified as agranulocytes?

lymphocytes and monocytes

What is the general difference between a granulocyte and agranulocyte?

Pharyngeal tonsil

Lingual tonsil

Palatine tonsil

Spleen

Axillary lymph nodes

Mediastinal lymph nodes

Peyer's patch (ileum)

Hypothalamus

Pituitary gland

Thyroid gland

Suprarenal gland

Pancreas

Testes

Ovaries

Which organs/structures belong to the lymphatic system? Which to the endocrine system?

Lymphatic system: lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, tonsils, lymphatic vessels.Endocrine system: pituitary, thyroid, parathyroids, adrenal glands, pancreas, pineal gland, ovaries/testes.

What bone protects the pituitary gland (name the specific bone in the skull)? What part of that bone specifically

(name the landmark)?

What is another name for the suprarenal gland?

What type of fluid do lymph nodes monitor/filter? (what is it called?)

What type of fluid does the spleen monitor/filter? (what is it called?)

Where is the special name for lymph nodes of the ileum called?

Where are the axillary lymph nodes located?

Anterior cerebral a. and branches

Posterior cerebral a. and branches

Basilar a.

Vertebral a.

Common carotid a. (state L or R)

External carotid a. (state L or R)

Internal carotid a. (state L or R)

External jugular v. (state L or R)

Internal jugular v. (state L or R)

Axillary a

Axillary v.

Brachial a.

Brachial vv.

Radial a.

Radial v

Ulnar a.

Femoral a.

Femoral v.

Great saphenous v.

Aorta (aortic arch)

Abdominal aorta

Brachiocephalic trunk

Left common carotid a.

Left subclavian a.

Renal a. (state L or R)

Renal v. (state L or R)

For elastic artery and vein - identify tunica externa; tunica media; tunica intima on histological images

What are the general differences between the structure of an artery and vein?

What are the three main arteries that branch off the aortic arch?