AVIA- Chapter 8

studied byStudied by 7 people
0.0(0)
Get a hint
Hint

Instruments in pilot-static system

1 / 107

flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

Aviation

11th

108 Terms

1

Instruments in pilot-static system

  • Air Speed Indicator (ASI)

  • Vertical Speed Indicator (VSI)

  • Altimeter

New cards
2

Impact pressure

Used to sense the airspeed of an aircraft

New cards
3

Pilot Tube

Forward pointing tube that senses impact pressure

New cards
4

Air Speed Indicator (ASI)

Only instrument that uses the pilot tube

New cards
5

Static pressure port

Small sensor with a hole located in a place that is relatively undisturbed in terms of air flow

New cards
6

Pilot-Static instruments

Variations in pressure affects . . .

New cards
7

Vertical Speed Indicator (VSI)

In an emergency, when the static port i sblocked, to restore static pressure a pilot is to break the glass of the . . .

New cards
8

Altimeter

Shows the altitude of the aircraft, relative to sea level, based on pressure changes with altitude

New cards
9

Decreases

As an aircraft climbs, the outside air pressure ________

New cards
10

29.92 in/Hg.

The aneroid chamber of an altimeter contains a reference pressure of . . .

New cards
11

Altimeter

As ambient pressure changes, the aneroid will expand or contract in direct response

New cards
12

Climb

When pressure decreases, in a _____, the aneroid expands (altimeter)

New cards
13

Descent

During a ______, as pressure increases, the aneroid will contract (altimeter)

New cards
14

Aneroid (altimeter)

Internal pressure does not change

New cards
15

Case (altimeter)

Sealed except that it is open to static pressure, internal pressure will change as the aircraft climbs or descends

New cards
16

Altimeter will "freeze" reading the pressure of the air trapped in the case

What will happen to the altimeter if the static port becomes covered with ice?

New cards
17

Altimeter will give higher readings than what is accurate (non-pressurized aircraft)

What will happen to the altimeter if the static port is disconnected?

New cards
18

Adjusting the altimeter

Using small knob and a window that allows the instrument to be set for the actual outside air pressure

New cards
19

Kollsman Window

knowt flashcard image
New cards
20

Altimeter

Behaves like a barometer

New cards
21

Altimeter reading will decrease

If you fly from a low pressure area into a high pressure area, how will the altimeter reading change?

New cards
22

Altimeter reading will increase

If you fly from high pressure to low, how will the altimeter reading change?

New cards
23

Altimeter

Air temps. impact the _________ readings

New cards
24

Increase

Cold temperatures ________ the air density (true altitude is lower than the altimeter indicated)

New cards
25

Decrease

Warm temperatures ________ the air density (true altitude is higher than the altimeter indicates)

New cards
26

Ground level

Altimeter settings are adjusted according to barometric pressure readings at . . .

New cards
27

Indicated altitude

Altitude read directly from the altimeter

New cards
28

True altitude

Actual altitude above sea level (MSL) (all altitudes on charts)

New cards
29

Absolute altitude

Actual altitude above the ground (AGL)

New cards
30

Pressure altitude

Altitude indicated when the altimeter is set to 29.92 in/Hg (Used above 18,000 feet)

New cards
31

Density altitude

Pressure altitude corrected for non-standard temperatures

New cards
32

75

Altimeter reading must be correct within __ feet to be considered safe for flight

New cards
33

Vertical Speed Indicator (VSI)

Indicates rate of climb or descent, if the aircraft is in level flight, it will indicate zero (0 fpm)

New cards
34

Vertical Speed Indicator (VSI)

Connected to the static air source

New cards
35

Vertical Speed Indicator (VSI)

Diaphragm is sealed and connected to static pressure

New cards
36

Vertical Speed Indicator (VSI)

Inside of the case is vented to static air through a calibrated vent (slows the equalization of pressure in the case)

New cards
37

Vertical Speed Indicator (VSI)

No power source is required

New cards
38

Vertical Speed Indicator (VSI)

Slowed response to pressure changes causes instrument to indicate when the diaphragm is expanding or contracting

New cards
39

Airspeed Indicator (ASI)

Shows airspeed by comparing pilot tube pressure to ambient pressure

New cards
40

Airspeed Indicator (ASI)

Only instrument that uses both pilot tube and static port air pressures

New cards
41

Airspeed Indicator (ASI)

Pilot pressure increases as the forward speed increases

New cards
42

Vs0 (ASI)

Stall speed, flaps deployed (Bottom of white arc.)

New cards
43

Vs1 (ASI)

Stall speed, flaps retracted (Bottom of green arc.)

New cards
44

White arc. (ASI)

Flap operating range

New cards
45

Vfe (ASI)

Max speed with flaps deployed

New cards
46

Green arc. (ASI)

Normal operating range

New cards
47

Vno (ASI)

Normal operating max speed

New cards
48

Yellow arc. (ASI)

Caution range (smooth air only)

New cards
49

Vne (ASI)

Never Exceed speed

New cards
50

Indicated Airspeed (IAS)

Uncorrected airspeed read directly from the instrument (used for performance data, including takeoff, landing, and stall speeds as listed in POH/AFM)

New cards
51

Calibrated Airspeed (CAS)

Airspeed corrected for installation errors and instrument errors (error greatest at low airspeed)

New cards
52

True Airspeed (TAS)

CAS corrected for altitude and temperature (increases with altitude), can be calculated with a flight computer or estimated by adding 2% for each 1000 ft of altitude

New cards
53

Design Maneuvering Speed - Va

Max speed at which the structural limit load can be imposed without structural damage

New cards
54

Landing Gear Operating Speed - Vlo

Max speed at which the aircraft landing gear may be safely operated (extended or retracted)

New cards
55

Landing Gear Extended Speed - Vle

Max speed at which the aircraft can be safely flown with gear extended

New cards
56

Best Angle of Climb - Vx

Speed at which aircraft gains the most altitude in a given distance

New cards
57

Best Rate of Climb - Vy

Speed at which aircraft gains the most altitude in a given time

New cards
58

Single Engine Best rate of climb - Vyse

Best rate of climb (or minimum sink rate) on a single engine

New cards
59

Minimum Control Speed - Vmc

Minimum speed at which a twin can maintain directional control on a single engine

New cards
60

EFD or EFIS “glass cockpit" display

  • Attitude Indicator

  • Altimeter

  • VSI

  • Heading Indicator

  • Turn Indicator

  • Tachometer

  • Slip/Skid Indicator (inclinometer)

  • Turn Rate

New cards
61

Air Data Computer (ADC)

  • Drives Multifunction Displays

  • Takes information from various sensors on board the aircraft and combines all of the data into the display shown to the pilot

New cards
62

Most common Gyroscopic Flight Instruments

  • Turn Coordinator

  • Heading Indicator

  • Attitude Indicator

New cards
63

Gyroscope

A rotating mass designed and mounted to use gyroscopic properties

New cards
64

Primary characteristics of a useful gyro.

Rotor has a high density and is able to rotate at a high speed

New cards
65

Classes of gyro. mount

Universal & Semi-rigid

New cards
66

Universal mount

Allows motion in any direction, has free motion in all three planes

New cards
67

Semi-rigid mounts

Restrict motion in one plane relative to a base, has two planes of freedom

New cards
68

Rigidity in space, and precession

The two fundamental properties of gyroscopic rotation . . .

New cards
69

Rigidity in space

Once spinning, a gyroscope tends to remain fixed in the plane in which it is spinning

New cards
70

As long as rotational velocity remains constant

No matter which direction the base is moved, the axis of rotation tends to remain in the same orientation . . .

New cards
71

precession

The motion of a gyroscope in response to an applied force

New cards
72

90°

When a force is applied to a spinning gyroscope, the reaction occurs ___ later in the direction of rotation (what makes a gyro useful for determining rate of turn)

New cards
73

Vacuum or electric

Gyros are generally powered with ______ or _______ power

New cards
74

Electric gyros.

Powered by simple motors.

New cards
75

Turn & slip indicator and turn coordinator

Two types of turn indicators (both marked to indicate a standard rate turn of 3° per second/ 2 minutes per 360°)

New cards
76

Turn and Slip Indicators

Gyros rotate in the vertical plane along the longitudinal axis of the aircraft, precession causes the pointer to tilt left or right as the aircraft turns.

New cards
77

Turn coordinator

Gyro is canted at an angle, when the aircraft is rolled, the indicator tilts in the direction of roll

New cards
78

Inclinometer

Detects yaw or uncoordinated turns

New cards
79

“Step on the ball”

Simple rule to remember when reading an Inclinometer

New cards
80

Attitude indicator

Represents the aircraft’s relationship to the horizon (indicates both pitch and roll)

New cards
81

Attitude indicator

Adjustment knob adjusts the pitch setting to account for changes in cruise pitch angle (typically used to set the wings in the instrument along the horizon line on the instrument face)

New cards
82

100°-110°

Attitude indicator limits in roll, and from 60-70° in pitch

New cards
83

60°-70°

Attitude indicator limits in pitch

New cards
84

Heading indicator

Depends on the principle of rigidity in space

New cards
85

Heading indicator

Meant to provide a more stable directional indication than the magnetic compass (is stable and provides clear directional guidance)

New cards
86

Heading indicator

It is set to match the magnetic compass when the aircraft is in a level, unaccelerated condition.

New cards
87

Heading indicator

Precession and friction will cause it to drift slowly from the original setting (pilots should compare the readings to the Mag Compass regularly while in flight)

New cards
88

Heading indicator

Reacts to the rotation of the earth (earth rotates at about 15° per hour, so the it will drift up to that much per hour of flight)

New cards
89

Horizontal Situation Indicators (HSI)

Heading indicators that have the ability to correct themselves automatically (have a magnetometer which detects and correct the reference to magnetic north automatically)

New cards
90

Electronci flight displays (EFD)

Use solid state laser gyros that are capable of flight in any attitude without failing (give accurate information in 360 degrees of roll or pitch and do not tumble)

New cards
91

Flux Valve

Larger aircraft may use a magnetic sensor called a ____ _____ which electrically determines the aircraft’s heading in relation to the earth’s magnetic field

New cards
92

Angle of attack indicator (AOA)

Give better situational awareness and stall margin indications than airspeed alone

New cards
93

Angle of attack indicator (AOA)

Indications do not change with weight, bank angle, temperature, density altitude or center of gravity

New cards
94

Magnetic compass

Required to be installed in all US certified aircraft (no matter how sophisticated)

New cards
95

Magnetic compass

Will point to the magnetic north pole (not the geographic north pole)

New cards
96

1,300

The magnetic north pole is located about ____ miles away from the geographic pole

New cards
97

Offset between the magnetic and geographic north pole

Causes the direction of magnetic north to vary from true north depending on where you are on the earth

New cards
98

Magnetic variation

This difference between true directions and magnetic directions is called (must be accounted for if you are to navigate successfully using magnetic compasses)

New cards
99

Isogonic lines

Lines where the magnetic variation is consistent

New cards
100

Agonic line

Any Isogonic Line where the variation is zero

New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 18 people
... ago
4.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 12 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 34 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 13 people
... ago
5.0(2)
note Note
studied byStudied by 1 person
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 57 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 22 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 1975 people
... ago
4.7(11)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard (93)
studied byStudied by 1 person
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (115)
studied byStudied by 13 people
... ago
5.0(2)
flashcards Flashcard (22)
studied byStudied by 17 people
... ago
5.0(3)
flashcards Flashcard (75)
studied byStudied by 2 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (29)
studied byStudied by 27 people
... ago
5.0(2)
flashcards Flashcard (40)
studied byStudied by 1 person
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (20)
studied byStudied by 1 person
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (134)
studied byStudied by 2615 people
... ago
4.0(26)
robot