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genius
ancestor/split talent
penates (oi penates)
sacred statues and spirits
tholos
Greek style round temple with colonnade
vestal virgins
30yr vow of celibacy, priviliged status, buried alive if violate chastity
rituals
sacrifice or offering to the gods
devotio
prayer or vow in battle
divinatio
reading natural signs like prodigia and monstra
augury + auspicy
bird signs, set parameterse
extispicium + horuspicium
sacrified animals
festivals
includes feriae (holidays) and ludi (games), either fixed in calendar or recurring but moveabled
dies festi
sacred holidays in honor of god(s)
ambarvalia
purification of limits, purify the land and boundaries
robigalia
festival for Robigo, god of mildew/grain rust, make him stay away from their crops
Lupercalia
purification and fertility festival, Luperci - nude youths run + hit people with dog hide for good luck
Saturnalia
day of reversal, freedman’s hat worn, everyone is free for a day, modern equal = christmas
pontifices
bridgebuilder, protect and interpret sacred law, civil engineering, vestal virgins
flamines
dedicated to particular gods, maintain cults
Augures
bird sign readers
Fetiales
matters of war
duoviri sacris faciundis
managing foreign cults
fasti vs. nefasti dies
days suitable or not for public speaking
evocatio
calling forth
syncretism
syncing up one cultures god with yours/match other culture
Aphrodite’s Greek equal
Venus, association with Julis family
patria potestas
power of the father
paterfamilias
father of the family with aboslute power, control over extended family, ultimate legal recourse, even killing children
why did Brutus execute his sons?
because they betrayed him and tried to bring the Tarquins back
Titus Manilus
obeys father, war with Latin League (Rome), serves as consulM
Manlian Discipline
executes his own son b/c he kills enemies without orders to
decimatio
1/10 destroyed
emancipatio
the process of freeing son from patria potestas
sui iuris
under own law (independent)
tutor
appointed guardian
toga virilis
garment of manhood
castitas
chastity, value system for women, strict sexual regulation
matrona
female head of household, takes care of house on day-to-day basis, key part in society and influence
materfamilias
female head of familym
marriages
political social or finanical, quick ritual btwn fathers, less formal for lower classc
cintus vinctusque
for a marrriage - belted and bound, bride has knotted belt that groom unties
confarreatio
sacrifice to Jupiter with special grain, high priesthoods onlyc
coemptio
groom symbolically buys bride
usus
ancient common-law marriage
manus marriage
with hand
sine manu marriage
without hand, free marriage, wife stays under power of own paterfamilias
dowry
gift from wife’s family to establish household
jewelry and women
it was the only thing women could actually own
ages of marriage
women bethrothed as early as 12, elite women could be married younger, 5-6 children…men marry at 14 but more likely late 20s-30s
domus
Roman house, private space with public function
HOUSE - fauces
vestibule, art and tradition
HOUSE - atrium
open roof
HOUSE - implurium
caught rain (little pond thing)
HOUSE - taldinum
reception area
HOUSE - cubicula
bedroom
HOUSE - culina
kitchen
HOUSE - triclinium
dining room
HOUSE - peristylum
greek-style garden
salutatio
formal + hierarchial greeting (lower class)
HOUSE - tropaion
impromtu monument, funeral masks with description of public honors
funerals + graves
death was seen as polluting, had to be buried outside the city, living care for the dead, continual importance
manes
shades of dead, lasting precense
what was the most common way to bury people?
cremation was a standard practice
pompa funebris
funeral parades
eulogy
speech in forum, actors wore funeral masks, annual grave sacrifice
Augustus being a deity
people only became deities after death, so people did not like this about Augustus, he got assassinated
mos maiorum
conservative social structure
gravitas/severitas
aboslute self-control and quiet acceptance of good or bad fortune
constantia (“constancy”)
perseverance against any circumstances, selflessness with subordination (NOT submission)
virtus
excellence, bravery in battle
disciplina
constant readiness for war, survival of the state
pietas
military, civil, and domestic quality, duty to gods, state, and family
fides
faithful performance of duties
dignitas
reputation of worth and esteem
auctoritas
authority based on prestige
gloria
military or civil accolade openly displayed
pudor
shame + personal accountability
infamia/ignominia
public disgrace, exclusion from civic
ad metallum
sent to mining, quarrying, or mills to death
ad cruces
sent to the cross to die
ad bestias
sent to the animals to die
Roman Constitution (RC)
it was not written, contained mix of govt styles
RC - consuls
kingship
RC - senate
aristocracy
RC - voting assemblies + will of masses
democracy
civitas
citizenship, stake for individual in state
res publica
common/public matter
lus
legal rights and law, foundation to Rome
provocatio
right of appeal, magistrates arrest citizens, invoke legal appeal
magistratus
magistrates + elected officials
suffragium
suffrage and voting rights, no women or slaves
comita centuriata
initially military organization
classes (classis)
by wealth and ability to supply arms
lower magistrates
quaestors, curule aediles, military tribunes
plebs
not really a bad word, just people who vote and stuff (lower class)
council of plebs
4 urban tribes (poorest), 21 rural tribes
plebisctum
legislation for pleb classes
clientela
patron-client relationship
patronus
legal, $, or social protection
cliens
owed patron votes + other support
canvassing (ambitio)
campaigning
toga candida
candidate, wore toga rubbed with white chalk to look god-like
Note 
Flashcard (52)