Roman History Exam 2

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111 Terms

1

genius

ancestor/split talent

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2

penates (oi penates)

sacred statues and spirits

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3

tholos

Greek style round temple with colonnade

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4

vestal virgins

30yr vow of celibacy, priviliged status, buried alive if violate chastity

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5

rituals

sacrifice or offering to the gods

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6

devotio

prayer or vow in battle

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7

divinatio

reading natural signs like prodigia and monstra

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8

augury + auspicy

bird signs, set parameterse

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9

extispicium + horuspicium

sacrified animals

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10

festivals

includes feriae (holidays) and ludi (games), either fixed in calendar or recurring but moveabled

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11

dies festi

sacred holidays in honor of god(s)

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12

ambarvalia

purification of limits, purify the land and boundaries

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13

robigalia

festival for Robigo, god of mildew/grain rust, make him stay away from their crops

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14

Lupercalia

purification and fertility festival, Luperci - nude youths run + hit people with dog hide for good luck

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15

Saturnalia

day of reversal, freedman’s hat worn, everyone is free for a day, modern equal = christmas

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16

pontifices

bridgebuilder, protect and interpret sacred law, civil engineering, vestal virgins

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17

flamines

dedicated to particular gods, maintain cults

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18

Augures

bird sign readers

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19

Fetiales

matters of war

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20

duoviri sacris faciundis

managing foreign cults

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21

fasti vs. nefasti dies

days suitable or not for public speaking

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22

evocatio

calling forth

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23

syncretism

syncing up one cultures god with yours/match other culture

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24

Aphrodite’s Greek equal

Venus, association with Julis family

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25

patria potestas

power of the father

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26

paterfamilias

father of the family with aboslute power, control over extended family, ultimate legal recourse, even killing children

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27

why did Brutus execute his sons?

because they betrayed him and tried to bring the Tarquins back

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28

Titus Manilus

obeys father, war with Latin League (Rome), serves as consulM

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29

Manlian Discipline

executes his own son b/c he kills enemies without orders to

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30

decimatio

1/10 destroyed

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31

emancipatio

the process of freeing son from patria potestas

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32

sui iuris

under own law (independent)

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33

tutor

appointed guardian

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34

toga virilis

garment of manhood

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35

castitas

chastity, value system for women, strict sexual regulation

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36

matrona

female head of household, takes care of house on day-to-day basis, key part in society and influence

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37

materfamilias

female head of familym

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38

marriages

political social or finanical, quick ritual btwn fathers, less formal for lower classc

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39

cintus vinctusque

for a marrriage - belted and bound, bride has knotted belt that groom unties

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40

confarreatio

sacrifice to Jupiter with special grain, high priesthoods onlyc

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41

coemptio

groom symbolically buys bride

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42

usus

ancient common-law marriage

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43

manus marriage

with hand

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44

sine manu marriage

without hand, free marriage, wife stays under power of own paterfamilias

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45

dowry

gift from wife’s family to establish household

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46

jewelry and women

it was the only thing women could actually own

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47

ages of marriage

women bethrothed as early as 12, elite women could be married younger, 5-6 children…men marry at 14 but more likely late 20s-30s

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48

domus

Roman house, private space with public function

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49

HOUSE - fauces

vestibule, art and tradition

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50

HOUSE - atrium

open roof

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51

HOUSE - implurium

caught rain (little pond thing)

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52

HOUSE - taldinum

reception area

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53

HOUSE - cubicula

bedroom

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54

HOUSE - culina

kitchen

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55

HOUSE - triclinium

dining room

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56

HOUSE - peristylum

greek-style garden

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57

salutatio

formal + hierarchial greeting (lower class)

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58

HOUSE - tropaion

impromtu monument, funeral masks with description of public honors

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59

funerals + graves

death was seen as polluting, had to be buried outside the city, living care for the dead, continual importance

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60

manes

shades of dead, lasting precense

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61

what was the most common way to bury people?

cremation was a standard practice

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62

pompa funebris

funeral parades

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63

eulogy

speech in forum, actors wore funeral masks, annual grave sacrifice

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64

Augustus being a deity

people only became deities after death, so people did not like this about Augustus, he got assassinated

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65

mos maiorum

conservative social structure

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66

gravitas/severitas

aboslute self-control and quiet acceptance of good or bad fortune

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67

constantia (“constancy”)

perseverance against any circumstances, selflessness with subordination (NOT submission)

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68

virtus

excellence, bravery in battle

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69

disciplina

constant readiness for war, survival of the state

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70

pietas

military, civil, and domestic quality, duty to gods, state, and family

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71

fides

faithful performance of duties

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72

dignitas

reputation of worth and esteem

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73

auctoritas

authority based on prestige

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74

gloria

military or civil accolade openly displayed

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75

pudor

shame + personal accountability

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76

infamia/ignominia

public disgrace, exclusion from civic

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77

ad metallum

sent to mining, quarrying, or mills to death

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78

ad cruces

sent to the cross to die

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79

ad bestias

sent to the animals to die

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80

Roman Constitution (RC)

it was not written, contained mix of govt styles

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81

RC - consuls

kingship

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82

RC - senate

aristocracy

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83

RC - voting assemblies + will of masses

democracy

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84

civitas

citizenship, stake for individual in state

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85

res publica

common/public matter

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86

lus

legal rights and law, foundation to Rome

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87

provocatio

right of appeal, magistrates arrest citizens, invoke legal appeal

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88

magistratus

magistrates + elected officials

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89

suffragium

suffrage and voting rights, no women or slaves

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90

comita centuriata

initially military organization

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91

classes (classis)

by wealth and ability to supply arms

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92

lower magistrates

quaestors, curule aediles, military tribunes

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93

plebs

not really a bad word, just people who vote and stuff (lower class)

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94

council of plebs

4 urban tribes (poorest), 21 rural tribes

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95

plebisctum

legislation for pleb classes

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96

clientela

patron-client relationship

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97

patronus

legal, $, or social protection

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98

cliens

owed patron votes + other support

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99

canvassing (ambitio)

campaigning

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100

toga candida

candidate, wore toga rubbed with white chalk to look god-like

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