Flashcards: Hematology & Blood Pathology

What is the cause of Red Maple Toxicosis?

Ingestion of red maple leaves (Acer rubrum).

What type of damage does Red Maple Toxicosis cause to RBCs?

Oxidative damage leading to methemoglobinemia and RBC membrane rupture.

What are key clinical signs of Red Maple Toxicosis?

Jaundice, brown urine, weakness, depression, petechiae.

How is Red Maple Toxicosis diagnosed?

Clinical signs and blood smear.

What is the treatment for Red Maple Toxicosis?

Supportive care and blood transfusion.

What causes Cyanide Poisoning in animals?

Accidental ingestion of cyanogenic plants.

Name four plant species that can cause Cyanide Poisoning.

Sorghum species, elderberry, Prunus genus (apricot, peach, cherry), hydrangeas.

How is cyanide released from plants?

Crushing, mastication, plant stress (wilting, freezing, insect damage).

What is the most common clinical sign of Cyanide Poisoning?

Sudden death.

What causes Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA)?

Lentivirus (RNA virus).

List three clinical signs of Equine Infectious Anemia.

Depression, fever, enlarged lymph nodes.

What is the cause of Bovine Leukosis (BLV)?

Oncogenic retrovirus.

How is BLV transmitted?

Horizontally through blood products.

Name three organs commonly affected by Bovine Leukosis.

Abomasum, heart (right atrium), spleen.

What are three forms of bovine leukemia (BLV-related and non-BLV-related)?

Enzootic bovine leukosis, juvenile LSA, thymic LSA.

How is Bovine Leukosis diagnosed?

Serology (ELISA) and biopsy.

What is the cause of Bovine Immunodeficiency-like Virus (BIV)?

Retrovirus (Lentivirus, similar to HIV).

What is the main method of transmission for BIV?

Horizontal spread via infected blood products.

What causes Anaplasmosis in ruminants?

Rickettsial bacteria that infects RBCs.

How is Anaplasmosis transmitted?

Vector-borne via ticks (Boophilus, Dermacentor spp.).

What are key clinical signs of Anaplasmosis?

Anemia, jaundice, brown urine, weight loss.

What are necropsy findings in Anaplasmosis?

Jaundiced, anemic carcass, thin watery blood, enlarged spleen.

What causes Babesiosis (Tick Fever, Texas Fever, Piroplasmosis)?

Protozoan blood parasite.

How is Babesiosis transmitted?

Vector-borne via Ixodid ticks.

What are the clinical signs of Babesiosis?

Fever, anemia, jaundice, hemoglobinuria (red urine).

How is Babesiosis diagnosed?

Blood smear to detect the parasite.

What is the treatment for Babesiosis?

Chemotherapy.