Flashcards: Hematology & Blood Pathology

1 Front: What is the cause of Red Maple Toxicosis?
Back: Ingestion of red maple leaves (Acer rubrum).

2 Front: What type of damage does Red Maple Toxicosis cause to RBCs?
Back: Oxidative damage leading to methemoglobinemia and RBC membrane rupture.

3 Front: What are key clinical signs of Red Maple Toxicosis?
Back: Jaundice, brown urine, weakness, depression, petechiae.

4 Front: How is Red Maple Toxicosis diagnosed?
Back: Clinical signs and blood smear.

5 Front: What is the treatment for Red Maple Toxicosis?
Back: Supportive care and blood transfusion.

6 Front: What causes Cyanide Poisoning in animals?
Back: Accidental ingestion of cyanogenic plants.

7 Front: Name four plant species that can cause Cyanide Poisoning.
Back: Sorghum species, elderberry, Prunus genus (apricot, peach, cherry), hydrangeas.

8 Front: How is cyanide released from plants?
Back: Crushing, mastication, plant stress (wilting, freezing, insect damage).

9 Front: What is the most common clinical sign of Cyanide Poisoning?
Back: Sudden death.

10 Front: What causes Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA)?
Back: Lentivirus (RNA virus).

11 Front: List three clinical signs of Equine Infectious Anemia.
Back: Depression, fever, enlarged lymph nodes, weakness, weight loss, nasal discharge.

12 Front: What is the cause of Bovine Leukosis (BLV)?
Back: Oncogenic retrovirus.

13 Front: How is BLV transmitted?
Back: Horizontally through blood products.

14 Front: Name three organs commonly affected by Bovine Leukosis.
Back: Abomasum, heart (right atrium), spleen.

15 Front: What are three forms of bovine leukemia (BLV-related and non-BLV-related)?
Back: Enzootic bovine leukosis, juvenile LSA, thymic LSA, cutaneous LSA.

16 Front: How is Bovine Leukosis diagnosed?
Back: Serology (ELISA) and biopsy.

17 Front: What is the cause of Bovine Immunodeficiency-like Virus (BIV)?
Back: Retrovirus (Lentivirus, similar to HIV).

18 Front: What is the main method of transmission for BIV?
Back: Horizontal spread via infected blood products.

19 Front: What causes Anaplasmosis in ruminants?
Back: Rickettsial bacteria that infects RBCs.

20 Front: How is Anaplasmosis transmitted?
Back: Vector-borne via ticks (Boophilus, Dermacentor spp.).

21 Front: What are key clinical signs of Anaplasmosis?
Back: Anemia, jaundice, brown urine, weight loss, decreased milk production, abortion.

22 Front: What are necropsy findings in Anaplasmosis?
Back: Jaundiced, anemic carcass, thin watery blood, enlarged spleen, mottled liver.

23 Front: What causes Babesiosis (Tick Fever, Texas Fever, Piroplasmosis)?
Back: Protozoan blood parasite.

24 Front: How is Babesiosis transmitted?
Back: Vector-borne via Ixodid ticks.

25 Front: What are the clinical signs of Babesiosis?
Back: Fever, anemia, jaundice, hemoglobinuria (red urine).

26 Front: How is Babesiosis diagnosed?
Back: Blood smear to detect the parasite.

27 Front: What is the treatment for Babesiosis?
Back: Chemotherapy.