Studied by 277 people
rumination
repeatedly thinking and talking about past experiences; can contribute to depression
eclectic approach
combinations of therapies
Autism Spectrum Disorder
a disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by significant deficiencies in communication and social interaction, and by rigidly fixated interests and repetitive behaviors
ADHD
extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity
positive schizophrenia symptoms
delusions and hallucinations
negative schizophrenia symptoms
restricted emotion, decreased thought and speech, lack of motivation, inability to relate to others
Bipolar I Disorder
a disorder characterized by extremely elevated moods during manic episodes and, frequently depressive episodes as well
mania
feelings of heightened energy, creativity, and euphoria but poor judgement
Major Depressive Disorder
a mood disorder in which a person feels sad and hopeless for weeks or months
Persistent Depressive Disorder
depressive disorder characterized by a chronically sad and melancholy mood
generalized anxiety disorder
excessive, exaggerated anxiety and worry about everyday life events for no obvious reason
panic disorder
sudden, intense fear
agoraphobia
fear or avoidance of situations, such as crowds or wide open places, where one has felt loss of control and panic
PTSD
an anxiety disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience
obsessive-compulsive disorder
an anxiety disorder characterized by repetitive obsessions and compulsions
somatic symptom disorder
significant focus on physical symptoms to a level that results in major distress
illness anxiety disorder
when a person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease
dissociative identity disorder
disorder occurring when a person seems to have two or more distinct personalities within one body
Cluster A
weird: paranoid, schizotypal, schizoid
Cluster B
wild: borderline, histrionic, narcissistic, antisocial
Cluster C
worried: avoidant, dependent, obsessive compulsive
medical model
belief that the disorder is a disease that can be treated in a hospital
diathesis-stress model
a diagnostic model that proposes that a disorder may develop when an predisposed vulnerability is coupled with environmental stressors
anorexia nervosa
eating disorder characterized by abnormally low body weight and intense fear of gaining weight
bulimia nervosa
eating disorder characterized by binge eating, followed by self-induced purging
binge-eating disorder
frequent consumption in usually large amounts of food in one sitting
insight therapy
client’s problems can’t be resolved without becoming aware of their origins
psychoanalysis
study of unconscious to treat mental disorders
psychodynamic (insight therapy)
therapy deriving from the psychoanalytic tradition that views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences, and that seeks to enhance self-insight
humanistic (insight therapy)
actively listening to support and increase self-acceptance, talks about present to promote growth → client-centered therapy
group (insight therapy)
social context shows that you are not alone and can see how others deal with similar issues
behavior therapy
all behavior is learned, so we can identify and learn to change unhealthy behaviors
exposure therapy
An approach to treatment that involves confronting an emotion-arousing stimulus directly and repeatedly, ultimately leading to a decrease in the emotional response
systematic desensitization
associate relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli (ex. from touching picture of spider to holding one)
aversion therapy (behavior therapy)
learn to associate an unpleasant state with an unwanted behavior to get rid of it
token economies (behavior therapy)
offer rewards for desired behaviors
Cognitive-Behavior Therapy
talking therapy that can help you manage your problems by changing the way you think and behave (commonly used to treat anxiety and depression)
antipsychotics
drugs used in the treatment of psychotic disorders that help alleviate hallucinations and delusional thinking
electroconvulsive therapy
a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient
triggers for schizophrenia development
exposure to prenatal virus, susceptibility seems genetic, social rejection, dysfunctional family communication patterns, childhood trauma, hyperactive dopamine transmission
dysfunctional, distressful, deviant
characteristics of psychological disorder
specific phobia disorder
Irrational and excessive fears of particular stimuli
dissociative amnesia
extensive gaps in memory that result from emotional, rather than physiological; can be caused by trauma
dissociative fugue
subtype of dissociative amnesia in which patients construct new identities and personal histories for themselves
congruence
ideal self being similar with what you actually are (humanistic approach to therapy)
incongruence
misalignment between the real self and the ideal self; lacking in self-image and self-esteem (humanistic approach to therapy)
unconditional positive regard
therapist accepting and supporting the client regardless of what he or she says or does
free association
patient is encouraged to verbalize without censorship or selection whatever thoughts come to mind (Freud)
resistance
unwillingness to recall repressed memories to consciousness
transference
project feelings about someone else onto your therapist
Block serotonin reuptake
How do SSRIs work to treat depression (antidepressant)
REBT
helps a person challenge unhelpful and irrational thoughts to avoid negative emotions or behaviors
