Gilded Age Political Reform

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to the Gilded Age, its political environment, significant legislation, and movements.

Gilded Age

The term coined by Mark Twain in 1873, referring to the period (1870s-1900) that appeared prosperous on the surface but was characterized by significant social issues, corruption, and inequality.

Political Stalemate

A situation during the Gilded Age where the two major political parties were evenly divided, preventing either from enacting significant reforms or addressing major national issues.

Interstate Commerce Act (1887)

Legislation aimed at regulating the railroad industry and ensuring fair freight rates, creating the Interstate Commerce Commission to enforce these regulations.

Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act (1883)

Legislation that established a merit-based system for federal employment and created the Civil Service Commission to oversee it.

High Protective Tariffs

Taxes on imports that were supported by Big Business and the Republican Party, believed to protect American industries but detrimental to consumers.

Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890)

Legislation aimed at prohibiting monopolistic practices and encouraging competition among businesses, though it was not effectively enforced.

The Populist Party

A political party formed in the early 1890s that emerged from farmer discontent, advocating for reforms such as direct election of senators and governmental control of railroads.

Gold Standard

The monetary system in which the value of currency is directly linked to gold; a central issue during the Gilded Age, especially during economic depressions.

Cross of Gold Speech

A famous speech by William J. Bryan during the 1896 campaign advocating for the use of silver alongside gold and calling for increased government reforms.

Mugwumps

A faction of the Republican Party that split from the main party due to corruption issues, advocating for honest government and reform.