Studied by 41 people
how many steps does glycloysis have
10
does each step of glycloysis have its own enzyme
yes
where does glycloysis take place
the cytoplasm
what are the first 5 steps of glycloysis
energy investment
what are the last 5 steps of glycloysis
energy payout
what are the end products of glycloysis
2 atp, 2 nadh, and 2 pyruvic acids (222)
where does the krebs cycle and electron transport take place
the mitochondria
what is the first stage of cellular respiration
glycolysis
krebs cycle is also known as what
citric acid cycle
how many spins are in the krebs cycle
2 molecules for every pyruvic acid
end result of krebs cycle
2 atp, 6 co2, 8 nadh, 2 fadh2
what is a calorie
the amount of energy required to raise the temp of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius
what is A calorie (food labels)
a kilo-calorie=1000 calories
cellurlar respiration=
glycloysis+ krebs cycle+ electron transport chain ( in the presence of oxygen which is areobic)
what is cellular respiration
the process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen
what is the formula for cellular respiration
6o2+c6h12o6→ 6co2 + 6h2o + energy
what is glycolysis
the process in which one molecule of glucose is broken into 3 carbon molecules (pyruvic acid)
for atp production, how many molecules are needed to start the reaction, and how many are made
2 ATP molescules are needed to start the reaction, 4 atp molecules are made, and their is a net gain of 2 ATP molecules
what is NAD+
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide- electron carrier
NAD+ accepts a pair of high energy electrons and becomes what
NADH
NADH carries electrons to other what
pathways
oxidative respiration=
krebs cycle and electron transport chain
pyruvic acid is broken down into
co2 in a series of energy extracting reactions
during the krebs cycle, what is the first compound formed
citric acid
1 carbon from each pyruvic acid become
a molecule of co2 and is released
how many carbon atoms from pyruvic acid are joined to coenzyme A to make Acetyl coA
2
Acetyl coA combines with
a 4 carbon molecule to form citric acid
cotroc acid is borken into a
4 carbon molecule and co2 is released
electrons are transferred to energy carries, and how many carbon molecules start the cycle all over again
4
throughout the cycle, a pair of high energy electrons changes nad+ to what and fad to what
NAD+ to NADH and FAD to FADH2 (electron carrier)
electrons passed to ____ and __ are carried to the electron transport chain to convert to__
NADH and FADH, to convert ADP to ATP. this occurs in a series of carrier proteins at the inner membrane of the mitochondria
at the end of the electron transport chain, high energy electrons combine with __ and _ to form what
combine with H+ ions and oxygen to form water ( oxygen is the final election receptor
when 2 high energy electrons transport down the electron transport chain, it causes
a charge difference across the inter-membrane space
the inner membrane produces _______ which converts to
produces ATP synthase which converts ADP to ATP
what is the total amount of atp in glycolysis, oxidative respiration and what do both of them add up to
glycolysis= 2 atp
oxidative respiration= 34atp
total= 36 atp
this represents 38% of glucoses energy, the rest is released as heat
what does fermentation do
follows glycolysis and releases energy from food molecules by producing ATP in the absence of oxygen (anaerobic)
cells convert NADH to NAD+ by
passing electrons back to pyruvic acid
what is alcoholic fermentation and what is the formula
yeast forms ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide,
pyruvic acid + NADH → alcohol + co2 + NAD+
how many ATP molecules does fermentation produce
2 ATP molecules
what is lactic acid fermentation and whats the formula
pyruvic acid gets converted to lactic acid
pyruvic acid +NADH → lactic acid + NAD+
lactic acid is produced where '
and what kind of organisms make lactic acids
muscles during exercise
unicellular
Note 
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