10 Physical Science T1 (Chemistry)

studied byStudied by 11 people
5.0(2)
Get a hint
Hint

atom

1 / 48

flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

Atomic Theory + Ionic and Covalent Bonding

49 Terms

1

atom

Smallest unit of matter

New cards
2

Element

Pure substance made up of only one type of atom

New cards
3

Compound

Substance made up of two or more different atoms bonded together

New cards
4

Mixture

Two or more substances (elements or compounds) combined but not chemically bonded

New cards
5

Molecule

Substances made up of two or more atoms bonded together

New cards
6

Diatomic elements

Elements found in twos

New cards
7

Physical change

A change in matter which does not alter the chemical properties of the matter.

New cards
8

Exothermic

A reaction or process accompanied by the release of heat.

New cards
9

Endothermic

A reaction or process accompanied by or requiring the absorption of heat

New cards
10

Period

a set of elements occupying a horizontal row in the periodic table.

New cards
11

Group

a column in the periodic table of the chemical elements

New cards
12

Proton

a stable subatomic particle occurring in all atomic nuclei, with a positive electric charge equal in magnitude to that of an electron.

New cards
13

Neutron

a subatomic particle of about the same mass as a proton but without an electric charge, present in all atomic nuclei except those of ordinary hydrogen

New cards
14

Electron

a stable subatomic particle with a charge of negative electricity, found in all atoms and acting as the primary carrier of electricity in solids.

New cards
15

Nucleus

the positively charged central core of an atom, consisting of protons and neutrons and containing nearly all its mass.

New cards
16

Isotope

each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, and hence differ in relative atomic mass but not in chemical properties; in particular, a radioactive form of an element.

New cards
17

atomic number

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which is characteristic of a chemical element and determines its place in the periodic table.

New cards
18

mass number

the total number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus.

New cards
19

Ion

an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons

New cards
20

Ionic compound

compounds made up of ions that form charged particles when an atom (or group of atoms) gains or loses electrons

New cards
21

Electrostatic charge

a deficiency or excess of electrons which occurs on ungrounded or insulating surfaces

New cards
22

Cation

Positive ion

New cards
23

Anion

Negative ion

New cards
24

Heterogenous

Mixture that is not the same all the way through (non-uniform composition)

New cards
25

Homogenous

Mixture that is the same all the way through (uniform composition)

New cards
26

Chemical change

the properties of the new substances are different from the original, the particles are different, and the number of particles can change

New cards
27

Ionic Bond

type of linkage formed from the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions in a chemical compound

New cards
28

single bond

A chemical bond in which one pair of electrons is shared between two atoms. One atom may form multiple single bonds

New cards
29

double bond

When two pairs of electrons are shared a double covalent bond is created. This is represented by two lines in a Lewis Dot diagram. In some cases, a variety of covalent bonds exist within a single molecule

New cards
30

triple bond

When three pairs of electrons are shared a triple covalent bond is created. This is represented by three lines in a Lewis Dot diagrams

New cards
31

alkali metals

Low melting and boiling points, Soft and shiny, for cations with charges of +1, one valence electron, react violently with water, Reactivity increases as you move down the table

New cards
32

halogens

Very reactive (7 valence electrons), Gases (highly toxic), Form -1 charged anions, Diatomic – exist as two atoms, decrease in reactivity as you move down the table

New cards
33

noble gases

all gases, odorless, colourless, complete set of valence electrons (8e- therefore not reactive), extremely low chemical reactivity

New cards
34

covalent bond

consists of the mutual sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between two atoms

New cards
35

coefficient

a multiplier or factor that measures a particular property.

New cards
36

Decomposition

the state or process of rotting; decay.

New cards
37

Combination

a joining or merging of different parts or qualities in which the component elements are individually distinct

New cards
38

Combustion

rapid chemical combination of a substance with oxygen, involving the production of heat and light.

New cards
39

Insoluble

(of a substance) incapable of being dissolved.

New cards
40

Soluble

(of a substance) able to be dissolved, especially in water.

New cards
41

Precipitation

the action or process of precipitating a substance from a solution.

New cards
42

Double displacement

a chemical reaction where two reactant ionic compounds exchange ions to form two new product compounds with the same ions.

New cards
43

Single displacement

a reaction in which one element is substituted for another element in a compound

New cards
44

corrosion

a natural process that converts a refined metal into a more chemically stable oxide

New cards
45

Product

a substance that is present at the end of a chemical reaction

New cards
46

Reactant

a substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a reaction.

New cards
47

Chemical reaction

a process that involves rearrangement of the molecular or ionic structure of a substance, as distinct from a change in physical form or a nuclear reaction.

New cards
48

Covalent compound

A compound whose atoms are bonded via a covalent bond

New cards
49

Ionic compound

neutral compounds made up of positively charged ions called cations and negatively charged ions called anions.

New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 16 people
... ago
4.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 16 people
... ago
5.0(2)
note Note
studied byStudied by 20 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 11 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 33 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 16 people
... ago
4.5(2)
note Note
studied byStudied by 6 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 1688 people
... ago
5.0(10)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard (56)
studied byStudied by 122 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (82)
studied byStudied by 64 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (22)
studied byStudied by 1 person
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (70)
studied byStudied by 21 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (45)
studied byStudied by 1 person
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (357)
studied byStudied by 14 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (22)
studied byStudied by 27 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (91)
studied byStudied by 11 people
... ago
5.0(1)
robot