General Human Anatomy Lecture Study Guide Unit 2 Lecture 6 free response

3. Be able to draw an osteon and label all components. Haversian canals (artery, vein, nerve), osteocytes, canaliculi, lamellae, lacunae

14. Be able to draw a long bone and label all components.

18. What are the types of marrow cavities? Red and yellow marrow

18. Red and yellow marrow

19. What is the composition of red marrow? What is its function? Location?

19. Blood connective tissue and produce red & white blood cells, found: epiphyses of long bones

What is the composition of yellow marrow? What is its function? Location?

Adipose connective tissue, function: long term energy storage, found: medullary canals of long bones

. Explain how intramembranous ossification occurs.

1. Osteoblasts cluster around blood vessels throughout sac = first bone 2. Osteoblasts secrete a collagen & calcium matrix 3. Calcium crystalize = becomes trabeculae (functional unit) 4. Trabeculae become denser creating compact bone connective tissue = hardening of surface 5. Remodeling occurs thru reabsorption of existing bone by osteoclasts 6. Original sac becomes the periosteum

. Explain how endochondral ossification occurs.

1. Hyaline cartilage connective tissue forms first 2 .primary ossification center forms in diaphysis 3. Osteoblasts create spongy bone connective tissue in primary ossification center 4. Osteoblasts create compact bone beneath periosteum 5. Osteoclasts break down spongy bone  medullary canal. 6. Osteoblasts create spongy bone connective tissue in the epiphysis forming secondary ossification center. 7. Epiphyseal growth plate forms between the epiphysis and diaphysis

. Compare and contrast cartilage and bone tissue. Make sure to include location of tissue,

Cartilage: hyaline located: nose, fibro: menisci, elastic cartilage: epiglottis Cell: chondrocytes located in lacunae. Matrix: composed of collagen fiber, elastic fiber, chondrocytes in lacunae. High strength = resists compression. Flexible and avascular (lacks blood vessels)

Bone tissue:. Cell: osteocytes located in lacunae. Matrix: collagen fibers & hydroxyapatite crystal. These combined make bone tissue strong, nonflexible and avascular

18. Be able to draw a knee joint and label all components. Know the histology and function

6. What are the connective tissues that surround muscle?

Epimysium, perimysium, endomysium

What is the epimysium? What is its histology?

Superficial fascia that surrounds the whole muscle. Histology: dense irregular connective tissue

What is the perimysium? What is its histology?

Internal fascia that surrounds bundles of parallel fibers & form fascicles. Histology: dense irregular connective tissue

18. What is the endomysium? What is its histology?

18. Surrounds each individual fiber (muscle cell). Histology: areolar connective tissue

Ball and socket joint

• multiaxial

• all types of movement

• hip

Saddle joint

• biaxial

• flex/extend

• circumduction

• first metacarpal/carpal

Ellipsoidal joint

• biaxial

• flex/extend

• abduct/adduct

• metacarpophalangeal

Pivot joint

• uniaxial

• rotation

• C1/C2

hinge joint

• uniaxial

• flex/extend

• knee

5. Compare and contrast the three types of muscle tissue in regard to their characteristics,

Cardiac: Mono-nucleated, …, striated, multidirectional branching system

Smooth: