Sociology Flashcards

Flashcards on Education

Marxist view on Education

• Schools prioritize obedience, not talent.
• Hidden curriculum reinforces class inequality.
• Ruling class benefits from unquestioning acceptance of hierarchy.

Gender Stereotypes in Subject Choice

• Influence subject choices, creating disparities.
• Limits career options.
• Reinforces traditional gender roles.

Lupton (2004)

• Asian families instill respect, discipline, and hard work.
• Aligns with school expectations.
• Contributes to academic success.

Gender Socialisation

• Shapes educational achievement early on.
• Includes expectations, attitudes, and behaviors based on gender.
• Can promote or hinder academic success.

Marketisation policies

• Creates competition among schools.
• Enhances exam results to attract students.
• Aims to improve educational standards and parental choice.

Bowles and Gintis

• Schools reward obedience over talent.
• Hidden curriculum advantages privileged backgrounds.
• Reinforces capitalist interests by creating a disciplined workforce.

Functionalist view on Education

• Education is a meritocratic system with equal opportunities.
• Prepares students for a technologically advanced economy.
• Promotes social mobility and equality.

Pupil Subcultures

• Response to labeling and status in school.
• Seek status and acceptance from peers.
• Influences behavior, attitudes, and academic performance.

Ethnocentric curriculum

• Reflects dominant culture, disadvantaging minorities.
• White British students have an advantage.
• Ethnic minority students may feel marginalized.

Chinese Pupils on FSM

• Cultural attitudes outweigh material deprivation.
• Strong emphasis on education and family support.
• Highlights the impact of cultural values on academic success.

Hidden curriculum

• Implicit lessons include obedience and punctuality.
• Reflects workplace discipline.
• Shapes attitudes and behaviors.

Schools as Businesses

• Use marketing strategies to attract middle-class parents.
• Middle-class parents seen as desirable due to involvement and cultural capital.

Restricted Speech Code

• Working-class pupils have limited vocabulary.
• Disadvantaged in school where elaborated code is valued.
• Hinders effective communication.

Parental Attitudes

• Middle-class parents have positive attitudes toward education.
• Active support, resources, and value academic achievement more.

Peer Pressure

• Influences behavior and choices.
• Pupils join subcultures for social approval.
• Impacts academic engagement and well-being.

Bowles and Gintis (1976)

• Hidden curriculum teaches obedience, punctuality, and conformity.
• Mirrors workplace discipline.
• Prepares students for capitalist system roles.

School System Norms

• Reflect white, middle-class values.
• Disadvantage ethnic minority pupils.
• Leads to exclusion and reduced self-worth.

Middle Class Culture

• Schools value middle-class cultural capital.
• Devalues working-class norms and experiences.
• Creates symbolic violence, undermining self-worth.

Teacher Labelling

• Negative stereotypes about ethnic minority students.
• Differential treatment and lower expectations.
• Self-fulfilling prophecy of underachievement.

Cultural capital

• Middle-class students have valued knowledge and skills.
• Provides an advantage over working-class peers.
• Contributes to academic success and social mobility.

Material Deprivation

• Lack of resources impedes educational achievement.
• Barriers hinder students' ability to succeed.

Ideal Pupil

• Based on middle-class characteristics.
• Differential treatment disadvantages those who don't fit the stereotype.

Streaming and Setting

• Divides pupils based on perceived ability.
• Reinforces inequalities and limits social mobility.
• Perpetuates educational disparities.

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

• Teacher's expectations influence student performance.
• Reinforces inequalities.
• Shapes educational trajectories.

Pierre Bourdieu

• Meritocracy is a myth.
• Family background determines achievement.
• Privileged backgrounds have more opportunities.

Social Capital

• Advantages gained through social interactions.
• Access to valuable networks, information, and support.

Cultural Capital

• Shared beliefs, values, attitudes, and norms.
• Shapes behavior and influences educational success.

Symbolic Capital

• Non-economic assets like social connections and prestige.
• Enhances opportunities and status in society.

Symbolic Violence

• Dominant culture's values imposed on other groups.
• Devaluation and disrespect for their own culture.
• Undermines self-esteem and perpetuates inequalities.

Marketisation of Education

• Policies promote parental choice and competition.
• Unequal access and quality of education.
• Disparities between schools in affluent and disadvantaged areas.

Education as a Sorting Mechanism

• Sorts individuals based on skills and talents.
• Perpetuates social inequalities.
• Limits opportunities for social mobility.

Education as Socialisation

• Transmits cultural values and beliefs.
• Ensures social cohesion and stability.

Hidden Curriculum

• Unintended lessons reinforce social inequalities.
• Prepares students for the workforce.
• Shapes attitudes, behaviors, and expectations.

Teacher Expectations

• Impacts academic performance and opportunities.
• Positive expectations improve outcomes.
• Negative expectations hinder progress.

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

• Individuals act according to expectations.
• Teachers' beliefs influence behavior and success.

Streaming and Setting

• Divides students based on ability.
• Reinforces stratification and limits mobility.
• Creates a cycle of disadvantage.

Equality of Opportunity

• Aims at giving all students an equal chance.
• Requires addressing systemic barriers.

Education as Human Capital

• Provides necessary skills and knowledge.
• Emphasizes economic benefits.

Meritocracy

• Rewards based on achievements.
• Critics argue it’s a myth due to social inequalities.

Socialisation

• Individuals learn cultural norms and values.
• Contributes to social cohesion and stability.

Education

• Transfers knowledge, skills,