DT Key Concepts GCSE (OCR 9-1)

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249 Terms

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What is a stakeholder?
People who have an interest in a product
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What is a primary user?
The person or group of people who will use a product
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What is a design context?
The situation a design solution is intended for
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What is globalisation?
Businesses and organisations operating globally and developing international influence
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What are the four considerations that must be made when designing a product?
Social, cultural, moral and economic
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What is sustainable economic growth?
Development satisfying economic needs of humans, without compromising those of future generations
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What is the usability of a product?
How easy a product is to use
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What is ergonomics?
How people interact with a product
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What is inclusive design?
Designing for the widest possible range of consumers
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What are anthropometrics?
How the sizes of human bodies can influence design
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What are aesthetics?
Factors associated with the nature and beauty of a product
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What is the golden ratio?
A mathematical ratio found in nature that can be used to create natural looking products
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What is disassembly?
Taking apart a product to examine it in detail
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What is marketing?
Promoting and selling a product
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What is market pull?
A need for a product that arises from customers to solve a certain need
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What is technology push?
Where new research and technology leads to new products on the market
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What is twenty-first century design?
Current, forward-thinking design that considers current trends and involves future consideration
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What is a throwaway society?
A society influenced by consumerism, affecting the environment
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What is a circular economy?
Where resources are used for as long as possible to regenerate products, leading to a cradle-cradle model
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What is an emerging technology?
A new technology that is currently being developed
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What is artificial intelligence?
Where computer programs 'learn' to perform their functions better than originally programmed, without the interference of humans
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What are biometrics?
The identification of a user by physical appearance
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What is virtual reality?
A computer-simulated environment that can be a simulation of the real world or an imaginary world
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What are drones?
Unmanned flying objects with the potential to carry out certain roles
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What is planned obsolescence?
The business practice of deliberately out-dating products before the end of its useful life
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What are the six 'R's?
Rethink, reuse, recycle, repair, reduce, refuse
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What are some examples of artificial intelligence?
Email inbox spam, car robots, smart personal assistance
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What are some examples of biometrics?
Apple iPhone fingerprint scanners, biometric passports, facial recognition
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What are some examples of virtual reality?
PlayStation VR, pilot training
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What are some examples of drones?
'Blue Planet 2' drone filming, police surveillance, Amazon 'Prime Air' parcel delivery
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What is a battery?
A self contained chemical power pack that can produce a limited amount of electrical energy
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What is fair trade?
Trade in which fair prices are paid to producers in developing countries
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What is oblique drawing?
Simple 3D sketches with added depth to display a design or idea
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What is a perspective drawing?
A 3D sketching technique that shows objects in proportion
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What are sketch models?
Quick models made from easy-to-work-with materials to give a 3D representation of a design or idea
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What are the disadvantages of sketch models?
They are often small, inaccurate and weak
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What are the advantages of sketch models?
They are quick to make, give a representation of what a design might look like and they are made out of low-cost materials
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What is UCD (user centred design)?
Design based on the understanding of users, the tasks they do and the environments they will use the product in
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What is involved in UCD (user centred design)?
Focus groups, usability testing, participatory design, interviews and questionnaires
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What is collaboration in design?
Working with others for mutual benefit
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What is paper (and boards) measured in?
Gsm (grams per square meter)
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What is corrugated cardboard?
A piece of fluted sheet sandwiched between two pieces of card to increase strength
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What is card?
A thicker version of paper available in a wide variety of colours and sizes
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What is corriflute?
Extruded corrugated plastic similar in structure to corrugated cardboard and is used for outdoor signs, plastic containers, packaging and for modelling
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What is Styrofoam?
Expanded polystyrene foam with a blue tint and is used in insulation for caravans, boats, coolers and lorries and for models in design
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What is hardwood?
Slow-growing wood which is dense, hard and heavy from deciduous trees
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What is softwood?
Fast-growing wood which is cheaper than hardwood and usually softer, with it coming from coniferous trees
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What is a ferrous metal?
A metal containing iron
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What is a non-ferrous metal?
A metal which doesn't contain iron
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What is an alloy?
A metal made by combining two or more metals
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What is plastic memory?
The ability of thermo polymers to return to their original state after reheating
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What is a mechanism?
A series of parts that work that work together to control forces and motion
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What is a system?
A set of mechanical or electronic parts that work together to produce a desired output
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What is a force?
A push, pull or twist
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What is rotary motion?
Motion in a circular shape
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What is linear motion?
Motion in a straight line
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What is oscillating motion?
Motion in a circular shape but moving backwards and forwards
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What is reciprocating motion?
Motion back and forwards in a straight line
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What is an input?
The type of motion put into a mechanism
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What is an output?
The type of motion a mechanism produces
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What is a lever?
A rigid bar that is free to turn around a fulcrum
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What is the load from a lever?
The output force of a lever
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What is a fulcrum
The pivot around which a lever turns
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What is the effort of a lever?
The input force of a lever
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What is the arm length?
The distance between the force being exerted and the fulcrum
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What is a cam and follower?
A mechanism which converts rotary motion (cam) into reciprocating motion (follower)
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What is a pinion?
A small driver gear (smaller than the driver gear)
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What is a shaft?
A rod that transfers the rotation through a mechanism
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What is a simple gear train?
A pair of gears consisting of a driver gear and a driven gear
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What is a spur gear?
A toothed wheel
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What is torque?
A turning or twisting force
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What is lubrication?
A substance applied to reduce friction between moving parts
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What is a pulley and belt drive?
A method of transferring rotary motion between two shafts
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What is a linkage?
A component used to direct forces and movement to where they are needed
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What is a subsystem?
A section of a system with a specific role
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What is a system diagram?
A diagram of interconnections and flow of signals in an electronic system
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What is embedding?
Customising a microprocessor to be permanently placed within a product
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What is a microcontroller?
A special-purpose microprocessor that adds functionality to a product
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What is a physical quantity?
Something that can be measured, e.g light, temperature or speed
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What is a program?
A set of instructions to tell a micro-controller how to carry out a task
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What is a sensor?
A component that produces a signal in response to a specific physical quantity
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What is a signal?
An electrical voltage that is used to represent information
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What is latching?
A switch that stays on (or off) after a button is released
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What is a momentary switch?
A switch that stays on only while it is held down
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What is a piezo switch?
An electrical switch which generates an electric charge from a piezoelectric element, which turns on a field effect transistor, which causes the switch to be on or off
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What is cloud computing?
A network of online servers that store and manage data
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What is the internet of things?
Where two electrical devices connect within the existing internet infrastructure, to send and receive data without human intervention eg. bluetooth
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What is nanotechnology?
Technology on a microscopic scale
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What are economies of scale?
The cost advantages that manufacturers obtain due the size output or scale of their production
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What is cellulose?
Wood fibres; an organic compound, structurally important in plant life
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What is recycled paper?
Paper made from used paper products
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What is virgin fibre paper?
Paper made from 'new', unused wood fibres
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What does it mean if something is lightweight?
It weighs very little
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What does rigid mean?
It is difficult to bend
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How can structural integrity be increased?
Folding and triangulation
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What is embossing?
A method of giving paper and card three-dimensional areas by creating a risen area using heat and pressure and a mold
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What is CAD?
Computer-aided design
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What is CAM?
Computer-aided manufacture (eg. laser cutter)
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What is a milling machine?
CNC machines which use a rotating cutter to remove material from a surface
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What is CNC?
Computer numeric control