Unit 5 TEST REVIEW (Cellular Respiration)

What is cellular respiration?

Breaking the bonds of food molecules such as glucose to make ATP from ADP. The energy that was stored in the bonds of the food is transferred to the bonds of ATP.

Aerobic Cellular Respiration

• requires oxygen (aerobic)

• takes place in the mitochondria of most cells

What is the formula for aerobic cellular respiration?

Glucose(C6H12O6) + 6O2 + 38ADP +38P^i ➡6CO2 + 6H20 + 38ATP

The reactants and products of cellular respiration are:

Reactants: Glucose (sugar), Oxygen

Products: Carbon Dioxide, Water (+ ATP ENERGY)

Anaerobic Cellular Respiration

does not require oxygen (anaerobic)

There are 2 types of anaerobic cellular respiration:

Lactic Acid Fermentation and Alcoholic Fermentation

What is Lactic Acid Fermentation and the formula for it?

Takes place in the muscle cells when there is no oxygen available

Glucose (C6H12O6) + 4ADP + 4P^i ➡Lactic Acid (2CH3CHOHCOOH)+ 4ATP

What is Alcoholic Fermentation and the formula for it?

Takes place in the yeast and some types of bacteria (also without oxygen)

Glucose(C6H12O6) + 4ADP + 4P^i ➡Ethanol (C2H5OH) + 2CO2 + 4ATP

What are the three steps in aerobic cellular respiration?

1. Glycolysis

2. The Citric Acid Cycle

3. The Electron Transport Chain

Glycolysis (glucose splitting)

• Glucose is broken down into pyruvic acid

• “BEST DEAL IN TOWN”

• 2 ATP are added to get 4 ATP out

• Takes place in the cytoplasm of all cells

What happens between Step 1 (Glycolysis) and Step 2 (The Citric Acid Cycle)?

The pyruvic acid is transformed into a chemical called Acetyl Coenzyme A

When does the pyruvic acid become Acetyl-CoA?

When it loses a CO2 molecule as it moves from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria. This CO2 is exhaled as you breathe.

What is the Citric Acid Cycle?

This cycle is a series of chemical reactions that continue to break down what is left of the sugar to make ATP for the body.

What is released during the Citric Acid Cycle?

CO2, as it is released as you exhale, as well as electrons

Where does the Citric Acid Cycle take place?

It takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria

NAD+: (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide)

a carrier coenzyme that can transport one hydrogen atom and two electron atoms when it becomes NADH.

FAD: (Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide)

a carrier coenzyme that can transport 2 electrons and molecules of hydrogen when it becomes FADH2

What is the electron transport chain?

A series of molecules along which electrons are transferred, releasing energy along the way. This energy makes a lot of ATP! These electrons are left over from Step 1 (Glycolysis) and Step 2 (The Citric Acid Cycle)

Where does the Electron Transport Chain take place?

It takes place in the cristae (inner folded membranes) of the mitochondria

What results from the Electron Transport Chain and is it aerobic or anaerobic?

The process is aerobic because the final electron acceptor in the chain is oxygen; water is made in this process.