Viral Diseases of the Circulatory and Lymphatic Systems

What is the pathogen for AIDS/HIV infection

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), attacks the immune system, specifically targeting CD4 cells.

What are symptoms of AIDS/HIV infection

Flu-like symptoms during the acute stage, followed by a long period of clinical latency; the final stage (AIDS) includes fever, weight loss, wasting syndrome, dementia, and opportunistic secondary infections leading to death

How is AIDS/HIV infection transmitted

Contact with body fluids (e.g. sexual contact, use of contaminated needles)

How is AIDS/HIV infection diagnosed

Serological tests for antibodies and/or HIV antigens; nucleic acid test (NAT) for presence of virus

How is AIDS/HIV infection treated

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) using various combinations of drugs

What is the pathogen for Burkitt lymphoma

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a type of herpesvirus (HHV-4)

What are symptoms of Burkitt lymphoma

Rapid formation of malignant B-cell tumors, oral hairy leukoplakia; fatal if not promptly treated

How is Burkitt lymphoma transmitted

Contact with body fluids (e.g. saliva, blood, semen); primarily affects patients immunocompromised by HIV or malaria

How is Burkitt lymphoma diagnosed

CT scans, tumor biopsy

How is Burkitt lymphoma treated

Intensive alternating chemotherapy regimen

What is the pathogen for Chikungunya Fever

Chikungunya virus, an Alphavirus transmitted by mosquitoes.

What are symptoms of Chikungunya Fever

Fever, rash, joint pain

How is Chikungunya Fever transmitted

Transmitted between humans by Aedes aegypti and A. albopictus vectors

How is Chikungunya Fever diagnosed

Viral culture, IFA, EIA, ELISA, PCR, RT-PCR

How is Chikungunya Fever treated

none

What is the pathogen for Cytomegalovirus Infection

Cytomegalovirus (HHV-5)

What are symptoms of Cytomegalovirus Infection

Usually asymptomatic but may cause non-Epstein-Barr mononucleosis in adults; may cause developmental issues in developing fetus; in transplant recipients, may cause fever, transplant rejection, death

How is Cytomegalovirus Infection transmitted

Contact with body fluids, blood transfusions, organ transplants; infected mothers can transmit virus to fetus transplacentally or to newborn in breastmilk, saliva

How is Cytomegalovirus Infection diagnosed

Histology, culture, EIA, IFA, PCR

How is Cytomegalovirus Infection treated

Ganciclovir, valganciclovir, foscarnet, cidofovir

What is the pathogen for Dengue Fever (breakbone fever)

Dengue Fever viruses 1-4

What are symptoms of Dengue Fever (breakbone fever)

Fever, headache, extreme bone and joint pain, abdominal pain, vomiting, hemorrhaging; can be fatal

How is Dengue Fever (breakbone fever) transmitted

Transmitted between humans by A. aegypti and A albopictus vectors

How is Dengue Fever (breakbone fever) diagnosed

Serologic testing, ELISA, and PCR

How is Dengue Fever (breakbone fever) treated

none

What is the pathogen for Ebola Virus Disease (EVD)

Ebola Virus

What are symptoms of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD)

Fever, headache, extreme bone and joint pain, abdominal pain, vomiting, hemorrhaging in gastrointestinal tract, organ failure; often fatal

How is Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) transmitted

Contact with body fluids (e.g. blood, saliva, sweat, urine, feces, vomit); highly contagious

How is Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) diagnosed

ELISA, IgM ELISA, PCR, virus isolatio

How is Ebola Virus Disease (EVD)

none

What is the pathogen for Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)

Hantavirus

What are symptoms of Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)

Initial flu-like symptoms followed by pulmonary edema and hypotension leading to pneumonia and shock; can be fatal

How is Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) transmitted

Inhalation of dried feces, urine from infected mouse or rat

How is Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) diagnosed

ELISA, Western blot, RIBA, RT-PCR

How is Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) treated

none

What is the pathogen for Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome

Hantavirus

What are symptoms of Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome

Fever, headache, nausea, rash, or eye inflammation, followed by hemorrhaging and kidney failure; can be fatal

How is Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome transmitted

Inhalation of dried feces, urine from infected mouse or rat

How is Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome diagnosed

ELISA, Western blot, RIBA, RT-PCR

How is Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome treated

none

What is the pathogen for Infectious mononucleosis

Epstein-Barr virus (HHV-4), cytomegalovirus (HHV-5)

What are symptoms of Infectious mononucleosis

Pharyngitis, fever, extreme fatigue; swelling of lymph nodes, spleen, and liver

How is Infectious mononucleosis transmitted

Contact with body fluids (e.g. saliva, blood, semen)

How is Infectious mononucleosis diagnosed

Tests for antibodies to various EBV-associated antigens

How is Infectious mononucleosis treated

none

What is the pathogen for Yellow Fever

Yellow Fever virus

What are symptoms of Yellow Fever

Dizziness, fever, chills, headache, myalgia, nausea, vomiting, constipation, fatigue; moderate to severe cases may include jaundice, rash, mucosal hemorrhaging, seizures, shock, and death

How is Yellow Fever transmitted

From monkeys to humans or between humans via Aedes or Haemagogus mosquito vectors

How is Yellow Fever diagnosed

Culture, serology, PCR

How is Yellow Fever treated

none, preventive vaccine available