SOC 206 NCSU Exam 3 Ch 11-15

According to the social reactionist perspective, what makes individuals more likely to engage in extreme sports?

positive reinforcement for those already engaged in extreme sports

Time-deepening is a form of positive deviance.

False

In Merton's typology, a person fitting into the ______ or ______ category is least likely to engage in extreme sports or workaholism.

conformist; ritualist

In the workaholic triad, what does "work enjoyment" refer to?

not enjoying work

Which theory might suggest that workaholism is learned when individuals interact with people who value work over social relationships, learn justifications for engaging in workaholic behaviors, and reward workaholic behaviors in a variety of ways?

differential association

Becker would agree that rewarding those who take exercising to an extreme with an Olympic gold medal makes overexercising more likely.

True

Sutherland would agree that associating with those who think using the Internet 12 hr a day is normal would increase the likelihood of Internet addiction.

True

What are salami attacks used for?

theft

According to Donn Parker, how do cyberdeviants justify what they do?

They argue the harm they do is limited to computers.

How can a virus infect a computer?

The victim downloads a file.

Which of the following is an ethical standard of elite cyberdeviants?

do not irreparably damage a legitimate user's information

A hacker's status, power, and prestige depend upon recognition from others within the hacker subculture.

True

According to rational choice theory, cyberdeviants commit their crimes impulsively.

False

China is the most frequent point of origin for cybercrime offenses.

False

The demographic category with the highest rate of loss to cybercrime is those aged 50-59.

False

The majority of members within the cyberdeviant subculture believe that computers make life worse.

False

What category of cybercrime is using a computer to store client lists for illegal gambling operations?

computer as incidental to other crime

Cyberdeviant subculture is organized into a hierarchy along strict race and gender lines.

False

Trap doors have no purpose beyond allowing cybercriminal access to otherwise secure data.

False

According to James William Coleman, why is it difficult to measure white-collar crime?

Victims do not realize they have been victimized.

In occupational crimes, the criminal activity of ______ causes more financial loss than the criminal activity of ______.

managers; employees

Individuals in a car company falsify emissions tests to increase the company's value. What kind of white-collar crime is this?

corporate crime

The three main forms of fraud and abuse are asset misappropriation, corruption, and ______.

fraudulent statements

Which of the following accounts for a significant amount of organized criminal activity?

illicit drug trafficking

Who is the typical offender in white-collar crime?

college-educated White men

Corporate, government, and other types of white-collar crimes are the easiest crimes to detect.

False

Differential association theory might suggest that participants in organized crime learned their behavior with peers already within an organized crime network.

True

In occupational crime, the criminal activity of employees costs more money than the criminal activity of managers.

False

Organized crime does not usually involve violence.

False

The opportunity structures approach to understanding organized crime is a macro-level approach.

True

What would Hirschi suggest about property crime?

Those who commit property crime lack commitment to conventional society.

Which demographic combination has the highest risk of robbery?

adolescent Black male

Why do robberies occur most frequently in winter?

There are more shoppers to target.

A bank robbery is considered an institutional robbery.

True

According to Sykes and Matza, a kid would be more likely to commit property crimes if they could successfully rationalize their crime.term-2

True

Which list below accurately orders the total cost of property crime losses from source of greatest loss to source of least loss?

larceny-theft, motor vehicle theft, burglary

Why are victims of robbery so often robbers themselves?

because robbery victims who are also robbery offenders are less likely to call law enforcement

Why is robbery defined differently than burglary?

Robbery involves direct confrontation between offender and victim; burglary does not.

Why aren't robbery statistics included in most property crime statistics?

Robbery is usually not considered property crime.

Robbery typically occurs between people who know each other.

False

______ are typically opportunistic, carried out with little planning.

Robberies

What is the most common form of property crime?

larceny-theft

What is the source of Uniform Crime Report data?

police departments in the United States

Which of the following is a key component of burglary, according to the National Crime Victimization Survey?

unlawful entry

Which of the following property crimes typically involves the most amount of planning?

burglary

Which property crime is most likely to be interracial?

robbery

Burglaries are most often committed by someone the victim knows.

True

Jack Katz would argue that property crimes are committed because they provide an alternate means of gaining community respect.

False

When a society is characterized by high levels of social integration, innovation and creativity are more common. True or False?

False

Authoritarianism is a key quality of highly productive scholars. True or False?

False

Robert Agnew's strain theory has no explanatory value for understanding positive deviance. True or False?

False

Which of the following statements about positive deviance is true?

A. Not everyone agrees that positive deviance is possible.

B. Everyone agrees that positive deviance is theoretically useful.

C. Very few sociologists are familiar with the concept of positive deviance.

D. A small minority of sociologists contend that all deviance is positive deviance.

A. Not everyone agrees that positive deviance is possible.

According to ________ theory, if a student is tld they are unusually creative and inquisitve, they are more likely to engage in innovation.

A. Positive Deviance

B. Labeling

C. Social Integration

D. Opportunity Theory

B. Labeling

The form of positive deviance refered to as ______ is an unwaviering commitment to following through on all promises to complete a task.

A. Extreme determination

B. Hyperresponsibility

C. Innate Characteristics of a Person

D. Exceptionalism

B. Hyperresponsibility

Innovative, Virtuous, and Altruistic behaviors can all exemplify positive deviance. True or False?

True

Which type of positive deviance is exemplified by Reverend Martin Luther King Jr.?

A.Supraconformity

B. Altruism

C. Charisma

D. Innovation

C. Charisma

Elite Scholars common traditionalism and reinforcing the status quo. True or False?

False

According to opportunity theory, informal opportunity structures enhance individual innovation and creativity more than formal opportunity structures. True or False?

False