Bacterial Nomenclature and Morphology

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms related to bacterial nomenclature and morphology, aiding in understanding and memorization.

Binomial Nomenclature

A system for naming organisms that uses two terms; the genus name and the species name.

Genus

A broader group that includes closely related species.

Species

The most basic unit of biological classification, where members share a high degree of genetic similarity.

Strain

A sub-classification below the species level; a genetic variant or subtype within a species.

Sp. (singular)

An abbreviation referring to one unknown species within a genus.

Spp. (plural)

An abbreviation referring to multiple species within a genus.

Nucleoid

A region in prokaryotic cells containing a circular, double-stranded DNA chromosome, not enclosed by a membrane.

Cytoplasm

The internal fluid of prokaryotic cells where proteins are produced, rich in enzymes for metabolic reactions.

Ribosomes (70S)

Cellular structures responsible for translating genetic code into functional proteins, composed of protein and RNA.

Peptidoglycan

A structural component of the bacterial cell wall, providing rigidity and determining cell shape.

Gram-Positive Bacteria

Bacteria that retain the crystal violet stain and have a thick peptidoglycan layer.

Gram-Negative Bacteria

Bacteria that do not retain the crystal violet stain, typically appearing pink due to a thin peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane.

Flagella

Specialized appendages that provide motility to bacteria.