APUSH Fraser Chapter 16

Little Big Horn

General Custer and his men were wiped out by a coalition of Sioux and Cheyenne Natives led by Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse

Wounded Knee

In 1890, after killing Sitting Bull, the 7th Cavalry rounded up Sioux at this place in South Dakota and 300 Natives were murdered and only a baby survived.

Dawes Act

1887 law that distributed reservation land to individual Native American owners

Homestead Act

1862 law that gave 160 acres of land to citizens willing to live on and cultivate it for five years

Grant Peace Policy

to end the Plains Native wars by creating reservations

Transcontinental Railroad

Railroad connecting the west and east coasts of the continental US

Cowboys

Cattle handlers who drove large herds across the southern Great Plains. The era of this group lasted from 1870 to the late 1880s.

Comanche

lived in South Plains; fierce fighters; learned to ride horses and hunted buffalo

Texas Rangers

White law enforcement group that targeted Native populations in Texas

Comancheros

Traders from New Mexico who encouraged Native American raids by accepting cattle, horses and property taken from settlers, and trading for guns and ammunition.

Bosque Redondo

A reservation in central New Mexico where the majority of the Navajos and Mescalero Apaches were confined during the Civil War.

Modocs

Californian tribe that left their reservation and attacked government negotiators - they were eventually killed off.

Nez Pierce

Native American Tribe that was divided between "progressives" who wanted to move to ID reservations and "non-progressives" who wanted to say on land

Black Hills

the area promised to the Sioux in the Dakota territory but this promise was broken when gold was discovered

Great Sioux War

Conflict between Sioux + Cheyenne Natives and federal troops over lands in the Dakotas in the mid-1870s.

Indian Peace Commission

a commission formed by Congress in 1867, which created two reservations on the Great Plains to try to maintain peace between tribes

Pullman Sleeping Car

a luxury railway car with seats that converted into beds for overnight journeys.

Texas Longhorn Cattle

Descendants of the first cattle brought to the New World; natural resistance to many diseases and parasites

Great Dakota Land Boom

Between 1881 and 1885, 67,000 new white settlers claimed homesteads in North and South Dakota

Golden Belt

Area around Kansas where wheat became the staple crop

Lincoln County War

This was a struggle between two rival groups of businessmen and ranchers. Murders and attacks between the two groups ended in a three-day battle in the county of Lincoln, New Mexico

Utah

State that was invited to join Union after publicly stopping endorsements polygamy as previously endorsed by Brigham Young

Brigham Young

United States religious leader of the Mormon Church after the assassination of Joseph Smith; proponent of polygamy

Medicine Lodge Treaty

Created the Reservation Policy and settled hunting rights

US Peace Commissioners

Met with local tribes in Great Plains to negotiate reservation dealings

Fort Laramie Treaty

Restricted the Plains Natives to specific areas and permitted the building of government forts

Ghost Dance

a religious dance of native Americans looking for communication with the dead; hoped to bring back life before colonization; used to scare white people from settling

Carlisle Indian School

Pennsylvania school for Natives funded by the government; children were separated from their tribe and were taught English and white values/customs.

Homestead

a family home and its surrounding lands

Butte, Montana

Discovery of large copper deposit

Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show

A show made by William Frederick Cody which reenacted famous frontier events and life in the west; justified American cause to take territory; depicted racist, stereotypical images of Native people

Wyoming

Before becoming a state, allowed white women the right to vote in territory