Political Science Practice Test #1

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Business

11th

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103 Terms

1
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define political science
the systematic study of government and politics
2
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explain the role of politics in government
to bring people together, to develop policies favorable to their interest and persuade voters to elect their candidates
3
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define democracy
a government in which power is vested in the people and exercised through representation
4
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define capitalism
an economic system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners
5
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define Constitutionalism
government according to constitutional principles
6
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explain the relationship b/t political culture and public opinion
the public opinion affects the political party that gets elected
7
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define political justice and individual rights
political justice is the use of judicial process for the purpose of political power. individual rights are rights that exist when a person is born
8
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define the components of Gross Domestic Product
consumption, fixed investment, change in inventories, government purchases and net exports
9
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explain the difference b/t countries, nations, states and governments
countries and States are internationally recognized boundaries and its own government. nations are groups of people who share culture. government is a group of people who govern a country
10
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describe the history of political parties
political parties evolved around major issues and have led to two parties after George Washington's presidency
11
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explain the difference b/t the two-party and multi-party government systems
two-party systems are b/t two candidates of two major political parties. multi-part systems are set up to allow multiple political parties to have the opportunity to gain control
12
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define current political parties
two major political parties are the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. the Democratic Party has become more liberal while the republicans are more conservative and pro-business
13
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explain the role of minor political parties
they force major parties to address new issues and can take away votes from the major political party
14
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describe the relationship b/t political parties and special interest groups
special interest groups try to influence elections and can try to get certain parties or politicians elected depending on the group's issue
15
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define special interest groups
organizations dedicated to particular political goals
16
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explain the difference b/t private and public special interest groups
public interest groups promote the issues of general public concern. private interest groups can represent certain occupations
17
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explain how special interest groups have influenced American politics
interest groups can meet with officials and persuade them to support their positions, can testify before Congress, provide financial support and influence voters
18
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outline the history of civil liberties in the united states
the civil liberties were written into federal government in the Bill of Rights and later became enforced by all states on a case by case basis
19
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explain the importance and limitations of freedom of speech
allows the free exchange of ideas and is limited when it threatens the public. the limits on free speech must address severe threats to the nation
20
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explain the importance and limitations of freedom of press
allows the press to inform the public of any issues. press can be limited when the security concerns outweigh the need to be informed
21
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explain the importance and limitations of freedom of religion
allows all individuals to practice their faiths however extreme examples are not allowed. the Court weighs individual rights against society's needs
22
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explain the importance and limitations of freedom of assembly
protects the right to gather and discuss issues. this can be limited when the assembly is violent and unnecessarily disrupt daily life
23
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define procedural rights for the accused
rights for the accused prevent the government from imprisoning people without trial
24
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explain the right to privacy and the right to bear arms
the right to privacy restrain governmental and private actions that threaten the privacy of individuals. the right to bear arms is the militia's right to possess arms for defense
25
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describe the role of courts in deciding civil liberty cases

26
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explain the history of civil rights
civil rights are protections from discrimination based on race, gender, etc. started with rights for African-Americans, then voting rights for women
27
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explain equal protection under the 14th amendment
equal protection under the law ensured new freed blacks had all rights
28
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explain civil rights for women and americans with disabilities
civil rights for women include those to vote, an equal chance for jobs and maternity leave. americans with disabilities requires businesses to make their property accessible to the disabled
29
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explain the characteristics of a democracy
individual liberty, majority rule, power and civic responsibilities and free elections
30
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describe autocracy
government in which one person has unlimited authority over others
31
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describe totalitarianism
a political system in which all authority is in the hands of the state
32
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describe authoritarianism
a way of governing that values order and control over personal freedom
33
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define transitional governments

34
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explain the powers and functions of legislatures
legislature proposes bills, can impeach and confirm appointments, declare war
35
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differentiate b/t congress and parliament

36
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explain the purpose of legislative committees
to purpose and evaluate bills, divide the work in Congress to specialize in certain subject matters
37
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explain the U.S. electoral college system

38
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differentiate direct and indirect elections

39
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describe individual representation and the U.S. electoral systems

40
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define primary elections

41
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explain election runoffs and recalls

42
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explain the electoral evolution of Congress

43
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explain the rationale for reapportionment and redistributing congressional districts

44
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explain party nomination

45
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describe national forces that influence Congress

46
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explain the difference b/t Presidential and Congressional campaigns
presidential campaigns reach the whole country and congressional campaigns reach a state or district
47
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describe factors that influence election outcomes

48
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describe the difference b/t the state and U.S. court systems

49
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describe the power of the federal judiciary

50
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define the federal court system of the U.S.

51
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explain the judicial decision-making

52
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explain the checks and balance system on the power of the U.S. Supreme Court

53
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explain the difference b/t original and appellate jurisdiction
original jurisdiction is the first time a case is tried and appellate jurisdiction is when the original decision is appealed
54
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explain the selection of Supreme Court Justices process
the president appoints a Justice and the Senate must confirm the Justice
55
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describe how special interest groups use litigation strategies to influence government policy

56
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define bureaucracy

57
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explain the history, impact and problems associated with federal bureaucracy

58
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explain the relationship b/t the President, Cabinet and Congress when determining legislation

59
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explain how elections are related to public perception of government

60
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define the bureaucratic accountability process

61
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explain how mass media and journalism have impacted the political system

62
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describe the difference b/t private and state controlled media

63
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explain media's influence on the public
media and journalism can influence what news the public sees and can spin stories towards one side
64
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define media bias and the reason for public criticism of media

65
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explain the role of media in elections and other government activities

66
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explain rules that govern media

67
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define yellow media

68
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define public opinion and public culture

69
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explain how to measure public opinion

70
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explain how public opinion leaders are selected and recognized

71
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describe the difference b/t random and quota sampling used to collect public opinion

72
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explain the bias associated with opinion polls and surveys

73
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explain how voter turnout is impacted by polls and surveys

74
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list alternative forms of political participation

75
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explain the difference b/t laws and customs

76
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define American law
law created by the U.S. constitution
77
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define code law

78
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explain the difference b/t criminal law and civil law

79
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define statutory law

80
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describe administration, regulatory and religious law

81
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explain the steps of the public policy process

82
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list types of policy

83
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give examples of Republican and Democrat policy beliefs

84
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define social insurance progrmas

85
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describe public assistance programs

86
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explain the difference b/t market and state controlled economies

87
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define and give examples of regulatory policy

88
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explain governmental policies to protect the U.S. economy

89
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describe business cycles influenced by governmental decisions

90
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explain how government promotes economic interests

91
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define fiscal policy

92
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explain how monetary policy is determined by the federal reserve

93
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describe types of U.S. foreign policy

94
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explain which government entities are responsible for foreign policy

95
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describe situations that for U.S. military power

96
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explain how government protects the ideals, interests, and needs of America

97
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explain the economic rationale for a national security policy

98
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list the tools of foreign policy

99
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list important veteran organizations

100
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explain the difference b/t globalization and nationalism