to bring people together, to develop policies favorable to their interest and persuade voters to elect their candidates
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define democracy
a government in which power is vested in the people and exercised through representation
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define capitalism
an economic system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners
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define Constitutionalism
government according to constitutional principles
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explain the relationship b/t political culture and public opinion
the public opinion affects the political party that gets elected
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define political justice and individual rights
political justice is the use of judicial process for the purpose of political power. individual rights are rights that exist when a person is born
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define the components of Gross Domestic Product
consumption, fixed investment, change in inventories, government purchases and net exports
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explain the difference b/t countries, nations, states and governments
countries and States are internationally recognized boundaries and its own government. nations are groups of people who share culture. government is a group of people who govern a country
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describe the history of political parties
political parties evolved around major issues and have led to two parties after George Washington's presidency
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explain the difference b/t the two-party and multi-party government systems
two-party systems are b/t two candidates of two major political parties. multi-part systems are set up to allow multiple political parties to have the opportunity to gain control
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define current political parties
two major political parties are the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. the Democratic Party has become more liberal while the republicans are more conservative and pro-business
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explain the role of minor political parties
they force major parties to address new issues and can take away votes from the major political party
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describe the relationship b/t political parties and special interest groups
special interest groups try to influence elections and can try to get certain parties or politicians elected depending on the group's issue
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define special interest groups
organizations dedicated to particular political goals
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explain the difference b/t private and public special interest groups
public interest groups promote the issues of general public concern. private interest groups can represent certain occupations
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explain how special interest groups have influenced American politics
interest groups can meet with officials and persuade them to support their positions, can testify before Congress, provide financial support and influence voters
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outline the history of civil liberties in the united states
the civil liberties were written into federal government in the Bill of Rights and later became enforced by all states on a case by case basis
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explain the importance and limitations of freedom of speech
allows the free exchange of ideas and is limited when it threatens the public. the limits on free speech must address severe threats to the nation
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explain the importance and limitations of freedom of press
allows the press to inform the public of any issues. press can be limited when the security concerns outweigh the need to be informed
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explain the importance and limitations of freedom of religion
allows all individuals to practice their faiths however extreme examples are not allowed. the Court weighs individual rights against society's needs
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explain the importance and limitations of freedom of assembly
protects the right to gather and discuss issues. this can be limited when the assembly is violent and unnecessarily disrupt daily life
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define procedural rights for the accused
rights for the accused prevent the government from imprisoning people without trial
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explain the right to privacy and the right to bear arms
the right to privacy restrain governmental and private actions that threaten the privacy of individuals. the right to bear arms is the militia's right to possess arms for defense
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describe the role of courts in deciding civil liberty cases
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explain the history of civil rights
civil rights are protections from discrimination based on race, gender, etc. started with rights for African-Americans, then voting rights for women
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explain equal protection under the 14th amendment
equal protection under the law ensured new freed blacks had all rights
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explain civil rights for women and americans with disabilities
civil rights for women include those to vote, an equal chance for jobs and maternity leave. americans with disabilities requires businesses to make their property accessible to the disabled
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explain the characteristics of a democracy
individual liberty, majority rule, power and civic responsibilities and free elections
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describe autocracy
government in which one person has unlimited authority over others
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describe totalitarianism
a political system in which all authority is in the hands of the state
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describe authoritarianism
a way of governing that values order and control over personal freedom
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define transitional governments
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explain the powers and functions of legislatures
legislature proposes bills, can impeach and confirm appointments, declare war
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differentiate b/t congress and parliament
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explain the purpose of legislative committees
to purpose and evaluate bills, divide the work in Congress to specialize in certain subject matters
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explain the U.S. electoral college system
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differentiate direct and indirect elections
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describe individual representation and the U.S. electoral systems
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define primary elections
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explain election runoffs and recalls
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explain the electoral evolution of Congress
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explain the rationale for reapportionment and redistributing congressional districts
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explain party nomination
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describe national forces that influence Congress
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explain the difference b/t Presidential and Congressional campaigns
presidential campaigns reach the whole country and congressional campaigns reach a state or district
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describe factors that influence election outcomes
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describe the difference b/t the state and U.S. court systems
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describe the power of the federal judiciary
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define the federal court system of the U.S.
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explain the judicial decision-making
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explain the checks and balance system on the power of the U.S. Supreme Court
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explain the difference b/t original and appellate jurisdiction
original jurisdiction is the first time a case is tried and appellate jurisdiction is when the original decision is appealed
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explain the selection of Supreme Court Justices process
the president appoints a Justice and the Senate must confirm the Justice
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describe how special interest groups use litigation strategies to influence government policy
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define bureaucracy
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explain the history, impact and problems associated with federal bureaucracy
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explain the relationship b/t the President, Cabinet and Congress when determining legislation
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explain how elections are related to public perception of government
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define the bureaucratic accountability process
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explain how mass media and journalism have impacted the political system
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describe the difference b/t private and state controlled media
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explain media's influence on the public
media and journalism can influence what news the public sees and can spin stories towards one side
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define media bias and the reason for public criticism of media
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explain the role of media in elections and other government activities
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explain rules that govern media
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define yellow media
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define public opinion and public culture
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explain how to measure public opinion
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explain how public opinion leaders are selected and recognized
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describe the difference b/t random and quota sampling used to collect public opinion
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explain the bias associated with opinion polls and surveys
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explain how voter turnout is impacted by polls and surveys
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list alternative forms of political participation
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explain the difference b/t laws and customs
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define American law
law created by the U.S. constitution
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define code law
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explain the difference b/t criminal law and civil law
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define statutory law
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describe administration, regulatory and religious law
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explain the steps of the public policy process
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list types of policy
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give examples of Republican and Democrat policy beliefs
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define social insurance progrmas
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describe public assistance programs
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explain the difference b/t market and state controlled economies
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define and give examples of regulatory policy
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explain governmental policies to protect the U.S. economy
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describe business cycles influenced by governmental decisions
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explain how government promotes economic interests
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define fiscal policy
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explain how monetary policy is determined by the federal reserve
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describe types of U.S. foreign policy
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explain which government entities are responsible for foreign policy
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describe situations that for U.S. military power
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explain how government protects the ideals, interests, and needs of America
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explain the economic rationale for a national security policy
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list the tools of foreign policy
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list important veteran organizations
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explain the difference b/t globalization and nationalism