Chem Exam 3

Zero order (RL)

Rate= k

First order (RL)

Rate = k[A]^1

Second Order (RL)

Rate = k[A]²

Zero order (Half-life)

[A]₀/2k.

First order (Half-life)

ln(2)/k

Second Order (half-life)

1/k[A]₀

Zero order (IRL)

[A]_t = -kt + [A]_0

First order (IRL)

ln[A]_t = -kt + ln[A]_0

Second order (IRL)

1/[A]_t = kt + 1/[A]_0.

Zero Order (Overall Units)

mol L^-1S^-1

first order (overall (units)

S^-1

Second Order (overall units)

L mol^-1 S^-1

Third order (Overall Units)

L² mol-² S^-1

What factors have the greatest impact on the rate of a reaction?

• The amount (or concentration) of the reactants

• Temperature

• The presence of catalyst

• The chemical nature of reactants

• Proximity

The half life depends on

• The rate constant (k)

• The initial concentration of reactant (exponent for first order rpeaction)

The magnitude of the Boltzman factor(experimental term -Ea/Rt)

• Increase with increasing temperature

• Decreases with increasing activation energy(Ea)

Homogeneous catalysts

Have the same phase as the reactants

Heterogeneous catalysts

Have different phase than the reactant

Enzymes

are protein that “hold” reactants in the active site of their structures, which accelerates their conversion into products

k>1; delta G<0; Ecell>0

Spontaneous reaction

k<1; delta G>0; E cell<0

non-spontaneous reaction

E° and ΔG°

𝐺°=−𝑛𝐹𝐸°cell

E° and K

𝐸°cell=(𝑅𝑇/𝑛𝐹)ln𝐾

ΔG° and K

Δ𝐺°= −𝑅𝑇ln𝐾