Proteins

Hydrolysis

Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water

Protein

An organic compound that is made of one or more chains of amino acids and that is a principal component of all cells

How many different amino acids are there?

20

structure of amino acids

central carbon, amino group, carboxyl group, R group

Monomer

a molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer.

Polymer

A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.

What type of reaction links amino acids together

Dehydration synthesis/condensation reaction

peptide bond

covalent bond formed between amino acids

Polypeptide

A chain of greater then 50 amino acids

How many levels of protein structure are there?

four

primary protein structure

sequence of amino acids

Secondary protein structure

alpha helix and beta pleated sheet

tertiary structure

The third level of protein structure; the overall, three-dimensional shape of a polypeptide due to interactions of the R groups of the amino acids making up the chain.

quaternary structure

Results from two or more polypeptide subunits connected to each other

denauration

when proteins break apart or don't maintain their shape

Functions of proteins

Control rate of chemical reactions, fight disease, movement, cell signaling, structure, transport

Enzymes

A protein that changes the rate of a chemical reaction

substrates

the reactants of enzyme-catalyzed reactions

Active site of an enzyme

the region of an enzyme that attaches to a substrate

Elements that make up proteins

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

building blocks of proteins

amino acids