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Diego antithetical antigens
Dia/Dib, Wra/Wrb, and WU/DISK
Diego system enzyme treatments
Resistant to Ficin, papain, DTT, and EGA
Dia useful in
Anthropological studies of Mongolian ancestry
Yt system found on
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
AChE is involved in
Neurotransmission and is present in erythroid and nerve cells
Yt antigens
Yta (high prevalence) and Ytb (low prevalence)
Yt(a=b=)
Not yet reported
How is the significance of Yta determined
Monocyte phagocytosis assays (MMA)
Xg antigen
Xga
Xg reactions caused by
Transfusion reactions of female donor to male recipient
Product of Scianna system
Protein called erythroid membrane associated protein (ERMAP)
Sc(1=2=) found in
Marshall Islands in South Pacific
Dombrock antigens
Do(a+b=), Do(a+b+), Do(a=b+), Gya, Hy, DOYA, DOMR, DOLG, DOLC, and DODE
Gya
High prevalence and highly immunogenic
Gy(a=)
Dombrock null phenotype
RBCs from Gy(a=) whites
Also Hy=
RBCs from blacks who are Hy=
Are weak Gy(a+)
Co a
High frequency Colton antigen
Co b
Low frequency Colton antigen
Co3
Present on all cells except Co(a=b=)
Colton system carried on
Integral membrane protein aquaporin 1
Aquaporin 1
Accounts for 80% of water reabsorption in the kidneys
Anti-Lw reaction w D+ RBCs
Strong
Anti-LW reaction to D= RBCs
Weak if at all
Anti-Lw reaction to Rh null RBCs
None
How is anti-D distinguished from anti-lw
Additional studies such as DTT treated D+RBCs (destroys LW)
Chido/ Rodger’s system is on
4th component of complement (C4)
C4B carries
Ch antigens
C4A expresses
Rh antigens
How are Ch and Rh antibodies neutralized
Pooled plasma added to pt serum w antibody
Serum containing complement
Gerbich antigens are carried on
Sialoglycoprotein structures GPC and GPD
Gerbich phenotypes are commonly found in
Papau, New Guinea, and Melanesia
Ge(-2,3,3)
Yus
Ge(-2-3,4)
Gerbich type (weak Kell expression)
Ge(-2-3-4)
Leach type (weak Kell expression)
Cramer antigens are on
Decay accelerating factor CD55
Known system located on
Complement receptor 1
In a found mainly in
Indians, Iranians, and Arabs
Indian system located on
CD44 on chromosome 11
Ok system discovered
Lady’s parents were found to be cousins from a small Japanese island
Raph system antigen
MER2 (monoclonal and Eleanor Roosevelt)
John Milton Hagen System protein
GP1 linked glycoprotein CD108
JMH gene
SEMA7A
Gill system found on
Glycerol transporter aquaporin 3
Absence of RHAG results in
Rh null
Anti-vel has the ability to
Activate complement and cause immediate hemolysis (in vitro and vivo)
At(a=) have all been
Black
Jr(a=) commonly
Japan
Sd a antigen not expressed
On newborn RBCs
So a antigen expressed in
Urine, saliva, and meconium
Sd a agglutination
Shiny refractile coins in sea of red cells (stays after wash)
How is anti-Sd a identified
Neutralization by urine (or anything with soluble antigen)
HTLA antibodies cause
Difficulties in routine antibody screening, identification, and compatibility testing
HTLA antibodies are considered to be
Unstable during storage and show variable strength of reactivity between individuals
HLA antigens are not a blood group issue but a
Platelet issue
HLA antibodies can be absorbed with
Concentrated platelets
Immediate spin blood groups
M and N, Lu a, Lewis a and b, I and i, P and P1
Antibodies found at 37/AHG
Rh, Kell, Duffy, Lub, S and S, Kidd
Antigens enhanced by Ficin
Rh, Kidd, P1, I and ABO
Antigens destroyed by Ficin
Duffy, MNS, Xg a