Uncommon group systems

Diego antithetical antigens

Dia/Dib, Wra/Wrb, and WU/DISK

Diego system enzyme treatments

Resistant to Ficin, papain, DTT, and EGA

Dia useful in

Anthropological studies of Mongolian ancestry

Yt system found on

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)

AChE is involved in

Neurotransmission and is present in erythroid and nerve cells

Yt antigens

Yta (high prevalence) and Ytb (low prevalence)

Yt(a=b=)

Not yet reported

How is the significance of Yta determined

Monocyte phagocytosis assays (MMA)

Xg antigen

Xga

Xg reactions caused by

Transfusion reactions of female donor to male recipient

Product of Scianna system

Protein called erythroid membrane associated protein (ERMAP)

Sc(1=2=) found in

Marshall Islands in South Pacific

Dombrock antigens

Do(a+b=), Do(a+b+), Do(a=b+), Gya, Hy, DOYA, DOMR, DOLG, DOLC, and DODE

Gya

High prevalence and highly immunogenic

Gy(a=)

Dombrock null phenotype

RBCs from Gy(a=) whites

Also Hy=

RBCs from blacks who are Hy=

Are weak Gy(a+)

Co a

High frequency Colton antigen

Co b

Low frequency Colton antigen

Co3

Present on all cells except Co(a=b=)

Colton system carried on

Integral membrane protein aquaporin 1

Aquaporin 1

Accounts for 80% of water reabsorption in the kidneys

Anti-Lw reaction w D+ RBCs

Strong

Anti-LW reaction to D= RBCs

Weak if at all

Anti-Lw reaction to Rh null RBCs

None

How is anti-D distinguished from anti-lw

Additional studies such as DTT treated D+RBCs (destroys LW)

Chido/ Rodger’s system is on

4th component of complement (C4)

C4B carries

Ch antigens

C4A expresses

Rh antigens

How are Ch and Rh antibodies neutralized

Pooled plasma added to pt serum w antibody

Serum containing complement

Gerbich antigens are carried on

Sialoglycoprotein structures GPC and GPD

Gerbich phenotypes are commonly found in

Papau, New Guinea, and Melanesia

Ge(-2,3,3)

Yus

Ge(-2-3,4)

Gerbich type (weak Kell expression)

Ge(-2-3-4)

Leach type (weak Kell expression)

Cramer antigens are on

Decay accelerating factor CD55

Known system located on

Complement receptor 1

In a found mainly in

Indians, Iranians, and Arabs

Indian system located on

CD44 on chromosome 11

Ok system discovered

Lady’s parents were found to be cousins from a small Japanese island

Raph system antigen

MER2 (monoclonal and Eleanor Roosevelt)

John Milton Hagen System protein

GP1 linked glycoprotein CD108

JMH gene

SEMA7A

Gill system found on

Glycerol transporter aquaporin 3

Absence of RHAG results in

Rh null

Anti-vel has the ability to

Activate complement and cause immediate hemolysis (in vitro and vivo)

At(a=) have all been

Black

Jr(a=) commonly

Japan

Sd a antigen not expressed

On newborn RBCs

So a antigen expressed in

Urine, saliva, and meconium

Sd a agglutination

Shiny refractile coins in sea of red cells (stays after wash)

How is anti-Sd a identified

Neutralization by urine (or anything with soluble antigen)

HTLA antibodies cause

Difficulties in routine antibody screening, identification, and compatibility testing

HTLA antibodies are considered to be

Unstable during storage and show variable strength of reactivity between individuals

HLA antigens are not a blood group issue but a

Platelet issue

HLA antibodies can be absorbed with

Concentrated platelets

Immediate spin blood groups

M and N, Lu a, Lewis a and b, I and i, P and P1

Antibodies found at 37/AHG

Rh, Kell, Duffy, Lub, S and S, Kidd

Antigens enhanced by Ficin

Rh, Kidd, P1, I and ABO

Antigens destroyed by Ficin

Duffy, MNS, Xg a