Higher physics

Length contraction

The decrease in length of an object moving relative to a stationary observer

Time dilation

The increase in time of a object moving relative to a stationary observer

Velocity

The distance travelled per unit time

acceleration

Change in velocity per unit time

Red-shift

When light from an object that is moving away is shifted to a longer wavelength (red end of spectrum)

Blue-shift

When light from an object that is approaching you is shifted to a smaller wavelength (blue end of spectrum)

Law of conservation of momentum

Total momentum before and after a collision is equal in the absence of external forces

Inelastic collision

One in which the total kinetic energy before and after a collision is not conserved

Newtons 1st law

An object will remain at rest or continues to travel at a constant speed in a straight line unless acted upon by an unbalanced force

Newtons 2nd law

F=ma

Newtons 3rd law

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction force

Doppler effect-towards you

When an object is travelling towards you, you observe more wavefronts per second so frequency increases and wavelength decreases

Doppler effect-away

When an object is moving away from you, you observe less wavefronts per second o frequency decreases and wavelength increases

Terminal velocity

Is the maximum velocity an object will reach when in free fall, this will occur when the weight is equal in magnitude to the force due to air resistance

Free fall

the object will accelerate due to its weight, as its velocity increases the force due to air resistance will also increase. The acceleration will then decrease until it reaches terminal velocity

Tension

Is the force experienced at a join between two objects, for example a rope towing a car

Impulse

Is the measure of change in momentum, measured in newton seconds (Ns)

Velocity-time graph

Acceleration-time

Displacement-time graph

Weight on a slope

Free fall graph

Force time graph