CEA Study 100 terms

Compression Strength

The maximum compressive stress a material can withstand without failure.

Concrete

A solid, hard material produced by combining Portland cement, aggregates, sand, water and sometimes additional mixtures.

Design Temperature Differential

The difference between the indoor temperature in winter and the outdoor design temperature in winter. The design temperature differential or design range is used in calculating the space heating requirements of a dwelling unit under the engineering-based methodology.

Fascia

The finish board covering the edges of rafters and eaves.

Footing

The lowest, widest part of the foundation that distributes the load over a broad area of the soil.

Foundation

The lower part of a building, which transfers structural loads from the building to the soil.

Heat Loss

The energy needed to warm outside air leaking into a building through cracks around doors, windows, and other areas.

Radiant Heat

Energy radiated or transmitted as rays or waves, in the form of particles.

Rafter

Member of a roof structural frame that supports the sheathing and other roof loads.

Rebar

Steel bar used to reinforce concrete.

R-Value

The numerical value used to indicate the resistance to the flow of heat.

Sole Plate

The plate placed at the bottom of a wall.

Square (Quantity of Shingles)

In roofing, 100 square feet of roofing material.

Tensile Strength

The maximum stress a material subjected to a stretching load can withstand without tearing.

Thermal Conduction

The process of heat transfer through a solid by transmitting kinetic energy from one molecule to the next.

Thermal Convection

Heat transmission by the circulation of a liquid or a heated gas or air.

Transmission Load

Heat loss/gain resulting from the conduction of heat through the building envelope.

U-Factor

A measure of the heat transmission through a building part (as a wall or window) or a given thickness of a material (as insulation) with lower numbers indicating better insulating properties.

Aesthetics

the quality of an objects that deals with art, beauty, and taste

Arch

a curved structure for spanning an opening, designed to support a vertical load primarily by axial compression

Architect

an individual trained in the art and science of designing and constructing buildings

Balance

the pleasing or harmonious arrangement or proportion of parts or elements in a design or composition

Bearing Walls

solid walls that provide support for each other and for the roof of a structure

Civil Engineering

an engineer trained in the design and construction of public works, such as bridges or dams, and other large facilities

Color

aspect of the appearance of objects and light sources that may be described in terms of hue, lightness, and saturation

Contrast

a visual principle associated with change made in size, shape, color, or tone of graphic elements

Design Principles

Rules that describe how designers might put together various design elements to create an aesthetic finished product

Dome

an arrangement of several arches whose bases form a circle and whose tops meet in the center

Element of Design

a basic visual component or building block of designed objects

Emphasis

stress or prominence given to an element in a composition by means of contrast, anomaly, or counterpoint

Facade

exterior face of a building

Form

the shape and structure of something as distinguished from its substance or material

Keystone

a wedge shaped stone placed in the crown of an arch

Line

The edge or contour of a shape

Lintel

a beam supporting the weight above a door or window opening

Movement

effect or illusion of motion converted by the relationship of structural elements in a design or composition

Pattern

an artistic or decorative design, especially one having a characteristic arrangement and considered as a unit

Post and Lintel Construction

wall construction utilizing a framework of vertical posts and horizontal beams to carry floor and roof loads

Repetition

a principle where some graphic elements are repeated throughout the entire design

Rhythm

movement characterized by a patterned repetition or alteration of formal elements or motifs in the some modified form

Shape

2 dimensional contour that characterizes an object or area

Space

the dimensions of height, depth and width within which all things exist and move

Texture

the feel, appearance, or consistency of a surface, substance, or fabric

Unity

the state or quality of being combined into one, as the ordering of elements in an artistic work that constitutes a harmonious whole or promotes a singleness of effect

Value

The relative lightness or darkness of a color

Vernacular Structure

culturally an climatically relevant architecture using locally available materials and traditional building techniques

Voussoir

any of the wedge shaped units in a masonry arch or vault, having side cuts converging at one of the arch centers

pyramids

What was the earliest large structures?

tombs

What were the Egyptian pyramids used for?

religious ceremonies/ scientific use

What were the american pyramids used for?

astronomical purposes

What were the Mexican pyramids used for?

Parthenon

house the statue of athena, used post and lintel construction

iron

longer spans and lighter structures

Elements of Design

line, color, form, shape, space, texture, value

Principles of Design

Balance, rhythm, emphases, proportion and scale, movement, contrast, unity

Building Code

legal requirements designed to protect the public by providing guidelines for structural, electrical, plumbing, and mechanical areas of a structure

Charette

an intensive workshop in which various stakeholders and experts are brought together to address a particular design issue

Construction Documents

drawings, plans, specifications, associated with a construction projects

Municipality

a city, town, having its own incorporates government for local affairs

Stakeholder

one who is involved in or affected by a cause of actions

Zoning Ordinance

law that specifies how and for what purpose each parcel of private real estate may be used

Civil Engineering

What is the oldest engineering field?

Design Architect

create the overall look and feel of a building

Project Architect

make sure the building can actually be built

Construction Administrator

oversees a structures actual constuction

Draft Person

enter an architects design into the computer

Landscape Architect

design an exterior to be functional, beautiful

Structural Engineer

design structures to support their own weight and loads

Environmental Engineer

improve and maintain the environment to protect and enhance human heath

GeoTechnical Engineer

analyze the properties of soil and rock to determine engineering properties

Water Resources Engineer

desin, supervise and evaluate systems for controlling water

Transportation Engineer

evaluate systems for moving people, goods, and materials

Construction Engineer

turns design into reality on time and budget

Urban Planner

coordinate the development of a community

Felt

a tar-impregnated paper used for water protection under roofing and singing materials

Floor Joists

horizontal structural members used to carry the floor and ceiling loads

Header

a horizontal structural member used to support other structural members over openings as doors and windows

House Wrap

engineer material design to keep out liquid water and protect air infiltration while allowing water vapor to escape from in the home

Insulation

material used to restrict the flow o cheat, cold, or sound form a surface to another

Sheathing

aa covering placed over exterior studs or rafters that serve as a base below the exterior finish material

Siding

material used for surfacing the outside walls of a frame building

Sill

a horizontal wood member placed at the bottom of walls and openings in walls

Solar Orientation

based on the relative position of the sun in order to purposefully increase or decrease the amount of light or heat transferred to the building

Source Reduction

reducing waste by changing patterns of production and consumption

Stud

vertical faming member in frame wall construction

Subfloor

structural floor joined to the joists that support the finish flooring

Sustainability

meeting the needs of society without damaging the natural resources

Top Plate

a horizontal structural member located on top of the studs used to hold the wall together

Truss

an assembly of structure members joined to form a rigid framework, usually connected to form triangles

Order of a home...

floor joists, subfloor, walls, top plate, sole plate, window opening, roof trusses, insulation, sheathing, vapor barrier, siding, underlayment, shingles

Gable

What type of roof only has one peak?

Hip

What type of roof covers all edges?

Low

What type of rood has little slope?

Gambrel

What type of rood has many bends?

every 2 feet

How often is rebar placed on a grid?

6 in

How much does rebar overlap?

3in

How far away from the edge does rebar need to be?

georgia

Where was the first habitat house built?

energy star

department with the goal to save consumers money and protect the environment through energy efficient practices

IP: Innovative process

implementing an integrated design process, with input from multiple stakeholders, can keep cost down and ensure appropriate integration of green building techniques