Biology practical

proteus spp. possess ________ which they use for locomotion

peritrichous flagella

precipitates material onto the flagella, which makes them thicker and able to see with light microscopy

flagella stain

noted for its tendency to swarm across an agar plate as it grows

proteus mirabilis

Why is proteus mirablis troublesome to work with

it will grow over everything

what is sometimes used to inhibit proteus mirabilis in order to allow the isolation of other species in a mixed culture

specialized media

depends on oxygen for aerobic respiration

obligate aerobe

what are the environmental factors that affect bacterial growth

oxygen and temperature

respire aerobically, but are damaged by atmospheric oxygen concentrations

microaerophiles

can respire aerobically, but use alternative strategies in anaerobic environment

falcultative anaerobes

do not use oxygen but can survive and grow in its presence; not harmed by it

aerotolerant anaerobes

cannot use oxygen and are harmed by its presence

strict anaerobes

one way of accessing a bacterium's need for oxygen is to grow it in a tube of special medium, called

Thyoglycolate medium

dissolved oxygen towards the top of the tube, but oxygen is absent in the deep part of the tube

Thyoglycolate medium

obligate aerobes will grow

at the top

microaerophiles will grow

slightly below the surface

falcultative anaerobes will grow

throughout the media, but with heavier growth in the aerobic portion

aerotolerant anaerobes will grow

throughout the media

strict anaerobes will grow

towards the bottom of the tube where there is little to no oxygen

will grow at 30° C, but may growth sparingly at 55° C

Bacillus subtillis and cereus

will grow at 55°C, but will not grow at 30° C

Geobacillus stearothermophilus

will grow at 30°C, but not at 55°C

Bacillus mycoides

what colonies to Bacillus subtillis and cereus form

large, white ones

on sheep blood agar, Bacillus cereus is

beta-hemolytic

what do Bacillus mycoides look like when they growth

curly pattern, rhizoid

produces red pigment prodigiosin when incubated at room temperature

Serratia marcescens

non-water soluble pigment

prodigiosin

prodigiosin at 37°C produces what color

clear

prodigiosin in 95% ethanol produces what color

light red

bright pink

what are the pigment producers we encountered in lab

pseudomonads and Serratia marcescens

a soil and water bacterium that is responsible for lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients,, skin infections in burn patients, hot tub rash, and swimmers ear

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

what is the solubility for prodigiosin

non water soluble

blue-green pigment whose production can be enhanced by Pseuomonas P agar

pyocyanin

yellow-green flourescent pigments, whose production can be enhanced by Pseudomonas F agar

flourescein

substances that can bind with iron and make it easier for organisms to absorb it

siderophores

partial destruction of red blood cells

alpha hemolysis

complete destruction of red blood cells

beta hemolysis

non-destruction of red blood cells

gamma hemolysis

1 stage micrometer =

.01 mm or 1 mm

single flagellum

monotrichous

has flagella at both ends

amphitrichous

tuft of flagella at one or both ends

lophotrichous

has flagella surrounding the cell

peritrichous

extremely heat resistance structure produced only by a few bacterial genera

endospore

transfering bacteria to fresh media

inoculation

designed to allow for the isolation of single colonies of bacteria

4-quadrant streak

the minimum distance between two objects which still allows them to be seen as separate

resolution

Resolution is improved when the index of refraction of the medium between the slide and the objective is _______

increased

the sharpness of the image being viewed

focus

the same focal plane position is generally correct for all the objectives

parfocal

used for motion

bacterial flagella

Flagella can be up to ________ long, sometimes up to _________.

5-30 mm, 60 mm

Designed to keep lab organisms from getting out and outside organisms from getting into the plate/slant etc.

aseptic techniques

not a pigment produced by bacteria.

gram stain

what are the 3 types of bacteria we worked with this year?

gram postive rods, gram positive cocci, gram negative rods

attaches the cells firmly to the slide and keeps cell shape constant so that it does not become distorted during staining

heat fixation

count dead cells and debris

density measurments

counts bacteria that are able to reproduce and create a colony

viable count method

what ciolor does Staphylococcus aureus belong to _____________ carotenoid pigment protects bacteria from host immune response, and plays a role in its virulence as pathogen.

Staphyloxanthin

what color does Micrococcus luteus belong to ____________ carotenoid pigment, protects bacteria from stresses and host immune systems. Not linked to virulence, non water soluble

Sarcinaxanthin

what colo does Micrococcus roseus belong to , non water soluble

Canthaxanthin

what color does Chromobacterium violaceum belong to , antimicrobial properties and protection and non water soluble

Violacein

water soluble dyes

will not penetrate spores

what color belongs to Serratia marcescens and is produced at room temperature, not produced at 37C

Prodigiosin,

what is prodigisn soluble in

methanol and chloroform

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

pysocyanin

Found in many parts of the body, skin

staphylococci

found in the intestines

streptococci

strep throat

Streptococcus pyogenes

Media that favor the growth of some bacteria and disfavor the growth of others

selective media

Media that favors the growth of all bacteria

differential media

what type of media is SBA

differential

MSA is __________ for halotolerant bacteria (staphylococci), and is also __________ due to mannitol fermentation.

selective, differential

mannitol soy agar test

agar red will turn yellow

the ability of an organism to grow at salt concentrations higher than those required for growth

halotolerant

What type of media is MacConkey agar (MAC)?

differential and selective

What type of media is Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB)

differential and selective

What type of media is ]Triple Sugar Iron Agar (TSIA)

differential

What are the subgroups of Lactose fermenters

Escherichia coli and Enterobacter

what sugars make up TSIA slants

.1% glucose, 1% sucrose, 1% lactose

Used to distinguish Enterobacter species and Escherichia coli

IMViC Tests

What are the two E.coli strains

Strain I, recipient; Strain II, donor

differentiates the beta hemolytic streptococci

bacitracin

differentiaties the alpha hemolytic streptococci, by using pneumococci cells only

optochin

differentiates gamma hemolytic staphylococci

novobiocin

what does any zone of inhibition mean

positive (susceptible)

what does no zone of inhibition mean

negative (resistant)

how long does the zone of inhibition have to be for optochin

14 mm or greater

how long does the zone of inhibition have to be for novobiocin

16 mm or greater

determines the ability to cleave the amino acid tryptophan into indole and pyruvic

Indole test

reveals what fermentation pathway the microbe uses to utilize glucose

Methyl Red Tet\st

reveals if a microbe produces acetoin from glucose fermentation

The Voges Proskauer test

reveals if a microbe uses sodium citrate as the only source of carbon and inorganic ammonium hydrogen phosphate as a source of nitrogen

The Simmons Ctitrate test

abundance of bacteria that is found in the digestive tracts and waist of animals

coliforms

streptomycin gene on chromosome; Cannot donate its resistance gene, not on a plasmid, no F factor.

Strain I, recipient

ampicillin gene on plasmid, F factor

Strain II, donor

Small circular double stranded DNA, separate from chromosome and can be transferred horizontally or vertically in a bacterial population

plasmid

Bacteria possessing a plasmid and the F factor __________

(sex pilus)

One bacterium transfers genetic material to another through direct contact

conjugation

One bacterium transfers genetic material to another through direct contact _______

(pilus)