Anthro 2A Egan Harder Terms

Means of profiting from the colonies

Resource extraction, labor of local people through direct coercion and indirect means

Conscription

Forced military service

Colonial Strategies of Accessing Labor

Slave Trade, Conscription, taking away land so that people have to work for the colonial power

Herero Revolt

Revolt of the southwest African Herero people against German rule that ended in Herero genocide (100,000 people→ 20,000)

Indian Removal Act of 1830

Forced relocation of Native Americans in southeastern U.S. to the east of the Mississippi River (Trail of Tears)

The Mahele

1848 Land division act that ended the communal corporate land tenure in Hawaii

Rubber Production in the Belgian Congo

Colonized people were forced to harvest rubber for Belgium during the rubber boom

Phosphate Mining on Nauru

Phosphate mining destroyed Nauru’s environment and its people’s health

Taylorism

Industrial management theory used to increase productivity through the standardization of tasks and unskilled labor

Proletarianization

The seperation of workers from the means of production

Capitalist discipline

Capitalism as a system of control where workers are disciplined through management practices and the internalization of social norms

Political

Assumptions, contestations, and relations pertaining to power

Power

Michel Foucault defines it as an energy source operating through a technology to make certain things happen. It travels through mechanisms but not one person holds the power

Kampung

A Malaysian village

Adat

Malaysian customs regarding social behavior

Malay Male Gender Construction

Spiritually strong and stronger will, can’t be possessed by Hantu, are able to put feelings and emotions aside to make better decisions

Malay Female Gender Construction

Weaker willpower, easier to get controlled by emotions, can be possessed by Hantu

Hantu

Spirits that can possess spiritually weak women

Janda

Divorced/widowed woman, most dangerous because not under male authority. They lie outside the cultural categories

Fractured Day

Social time is separated from work time

Changes in Authority in the village

Women gain authority when they work by becoming de facto allocators of income

Discipline in the Factory

Male surveillance with supervisors and two-way mirrors, tyranny of the clock, uniforms that limit range of motion

Bio-Politics

The inscription of power relations onto the body

Public Perceptions of Female Factory Workers

Perceived as immoral and outside of Malaysian cultural categories

Bebas

Free/Unrestrained by custom

Hegemony

A state of affairs/condition in which power relations in a society are accepted as natural and necessary or are hidden

Cultural imperialism

The rapid spread and advance of one cultural at the expense of others

Indigenizing Popular Culture

Process by which cultural items introduced from outside are modified to fit the local culture.

Diaspora

The spreading of a population from their homeland

Postmodernism in anthropology

Condition of the world in which established groups, boundaries, identities, contrasts, and standards are reaching out and breaking down

Why microchip factories want a young female workforce

Low wages because workers only work for a couple years so they don’t have to get promoted and they see it as subsidiary income, they don’t unionize, don’t protest due to patriarchy

Reproduction of Patriarchy in the Factory

Use family terms to make it difficult for “daughters” to complain

Workers response to stress

Crying, “Accidents" like breaking microscopes, using bathroom and prayer hall to escape male surveilance

How spirit possession happens

• Hegemonic beliefs about women having weak willpower and therefore being prone to Hantu possession due to adat and Islam.

• Stress from factory work (Fractured days, long hours, constant male surveillance)

• When they get break from male surveillance in bathroom Hantu gets them

• Weak form of resistance since it is conforming to hegemonic beliefs about gender