geography section A- natural hazards

what is a natural hazard

what is a natural hazard

a natural process that causes death or injury to humans, destroys house and belongings

the two main types of natural hazards

geological and meteorological

geological hazards

caused by land and tectonic processes, such as volcanoes and earthquakes

meteorological hazards

cause by weather and climate, such as tropical storms

different factors that affect the hazard risk from natural hazards

Vulnerability, capacity to cope, nature of natural hazards

vulnerability

more people in an area that are exposed to natural hazards the bigger the chance they will be affected by a natural hazard

capacity to cope

better a population can cope with extreme weather the lower the risk of them being badly affected

nature of natural hazards

its type, frequency, magnitude

primary effects of a natural hazard

buildings and roads destroyed, people killed or injured, crops and water contaminated

secondary effects of a natural hazard

aid vehicals is being blocked- death, first hazard can trigger another, shortage of water and sanitaiton- disease

immediate responses to a natural hazard

evacuation, treat the injured, rescue people,recover dead bodies to prevent disease

long term responses to a natural hazard

repair homes + roads +bridges, reconnect water and gas lines, boost economic recovery

what is the earths crust divided into

tectonic plates that float on the mantle

what are tectonic plates made from

continental and oceanic crust

why do the tectonic plate move

convection currents in the mantle

3 types of plate margins

destructive, constructive, conservative

destructive margins

when 2 plates are moving towards eachother and an oceanic meets a continental and the oceanic is forced into the mantel and destoyed creating a volacano

constructive margins

when 2 plates are moving away from eachother, magma rises to fill the gap and cools to create new crust

conservative margins

2 plate are moving side ways or in the same direction past eachother but at different speeds, the crust is not created or destroyed

where do volcanoes happen at

destructive and constructive margins

where do earthquakes happen at

all plate margins

how do earthquakes happen

when plates get stuck and send out shock waves

magitude of the kaikoura new zealand 2016 and gorka nepal 2015 earthquake

7.8

new zealand primary effects

2 died, 50 injured, 60 needed emergency housing, damage cost $5.8 billion, homes damaged and destroyed

new zealand secondary effects

triggered 100000 landslides which blocked roads and trains, generated a tsunami

gorkha nepal primary effects

9000 died, 22000 injured, 800000 homes damaged and destroyed, 4million homeless, damage cost $5 billion

gorkha nepal secondary effects

triggered avalanches and killed 18 people, mountain roads blocked, lack of clean water caused typhus and killed 13 people