中文 - 第两课
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43 Terms
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那
Nà | That
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的
de | of
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To indicate a possessive relationship, the particle (的) appears between the “possessor”
and the “possessed.” To that extent, it is equivalent to the “’s” structure in English. For
example 老师的名字 = teachers name. The particle (的) is often omitted in colloquial speech after a personal pronoun and before a kinship term.
Therefore, we say "王朋的妈妈" (Wang Peng's mother) but, 我妈妈 (my mother).
and the “possessed.” To that extent, it is equivalent to the “’s” structure in English. For
example 老师的名字 = teachers name. The particle (的) is often omitted in colloquial speech after a personal pronoun and before a kinship term.
Therefore, we say "王朋的妈妈" (Wang Peng's mother) but, 我妈妈 (my mother).
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照片
Zhàopiàn | photograph
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这
Zhè | This
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爸爸
Bàba | Father
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妈妈
Māmā | Mother
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个
ge | (measure word for many common
everyday objects)
everyday objects)
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In Chinese, a numeral is usually not followed immediately by a noun. Rather, a measure
word is inserted between the number and the noun, as in (1), (2), and (3) below. Similarly, a
measure word is often inserted between a demonstrative pronoun and a noun, as in (4) and
(5) below. There are over one hundred measure words in Chinese, but you may hear only
two or three dozen in everyday speech. Many nouns are associated with special measure
words, which often bear a relationship to the meaning of the given noun. 个 is the single most common measure word in Chinese. It is also sometimes
used as a substitute for other measure words.
word is inserted between the number and the noun, as in (1), (2), and (3) below. Similarly, a
measure word is often inserted between a demonstrative pronoun and a noun, as in (4) and
(5) below. There are over one hundred measure words in Chinese, but you may hear only
two or three dozen in everyday speech. Many nouns are associated with special measure
words, which often bear a relationship to the meaning of the given noun. 个 is the single most common measure word in Chinese. It is also sometimes
used as a substitute for other measure words.
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女
Nǚ | Female
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孩子
Háizi | Child
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谁
Shéi | Who
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Question pronouns include 谁 (who), 什么 (what), 那 (which), 哪儿 (where), 几 (how many). In a question with a
question pronoun, the word order is exactly the same as that in a declarative sentence. Therefore,
when learning to form a question with a question pronoun, we can start with a declarative sentence
and then replace the part in question with the appropriate question pronoun.
question pronoun, the word order is exactly the same as that in a declarative sentence. Therefore,
when learning to form a question with a question pronoun, we can start with a declarative sentence
and then replace the part in question with the appropriate question pronoun.
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他/她
Tā | he/she
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姐姐
Jiějiě | Older sister
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男
Nán | Male
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弟弟
Dìdì | Younger Brother
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大哥
dàgē | Eldest brother
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哥哥
gēgē | Older brother
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儿子
Érzi | Son
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有
Yǒu | Have
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有 is always negated with 没 instead of 不
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女儿
Nǚ'ér | Daughter
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没
Méi | no
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高 (高文中)
Gāo | High (Gāo Wénzhōng | Personal Name)
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家
jiā | family
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几
jǐ | how many?
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口
Kǒu | mouth
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两
Liǎng | two; a couple of
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二 and 两 both mean “two,” but they differ in usage. 两 is used in front of
common measure words to express a quantity. In counting, one uses 二.
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妹妹
Mèimei | Little sister
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大姐
Dàjiě | eldest sister
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二姐
Èr jiě | second oldest sister
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做
zuò | do
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工作
Gōngzuò | work
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律师
Lǜshī | lawyer
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英文
Yīngwén | English
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都
Dōu | both/all
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The word (都) indicates inclusiveness. As it always occurs in front of a verb, it is classifi ed as
an adverb. However, because it refers to something that has been mentioned earlier in the sentence,
or in a preceding sentence, it also has a pronoun-like flavor and it must be used at the end of an
enumeration.
an adverb. However, because it refers to something that has been mentioned earlier in the sentence,
or in a preceding sentence, it also has a pronoun-like flavor and it must be used at the end of an
enumeration.
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大学生
Dàxuéshēng | college/university student
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大学
Dàxué | university/college
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医生
Yīshēng | doctor
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白 英 爱
Bái yīng ài | White | England | Love (personal name)