Vocab a- through dys-

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hint

a-, an-

a-, an-

Absence, lack of

ab-

departing from, away from (abnormal), departing from normal

acou-

hearing (acoustic)

ac-, acro-

extreme or extremity (acrodermatitis)

ad-

to, toward (adorbital)

aden-

gland

adren-

toward the kidney (adrenal gland)

aero-

air (aerobic respiration)

af-

toward (afferent neurons, which carry impulses to the central nervous system)

agon-

contest (agonistic and antagonistic muscles, which oppose each other)

alb-

white (albino)

aliment-

nourish (alimentary canal, or digestive tract)

allel-

of one another (alleles, alternative expressions of a gene)

amphi-

on both sides of (amphibian)

ana-

apart, up, again (anaphase of mitosis when chromosomes separate)

anastomos-

come together (arteriovenous anastomosis, a connection between an artery and a vein)

aneurysm

a widening (aortic aneurysm, a weak spot that causes enlargement of the blood vessel)

angi-

vessel (angiitis, inflammation of a lymph vessel or blood vessel)

angin-

choked (angina pectoris, a choked feeling in the chest due to dysfunction of the heart)

ant-, anti-

opposed to, preventing, inhibiting (anticoagulant, a substance that prevents blood coagulation)

ante-

preceding; before (antecubital, in front of the elbow)

aort-

great artery (aorta)

ap-, api-

tip (extremity apex of the heart)

append-

hang to (appendicular skeleton)

aqua-, aque-

water (aqueous solutions)

arbor-

tree (arbor vitae of the cerebellum, the treelike pattern of white matter)

areola-

open space (areolar connective tissue, a loose connective tissue)

arrect-

upright (arrector pili muscles of the skin, which make the hairs stand erect)

arthr-, arthro-

joint (arthropathy, any joint disease)

artic-

joint (articular surfaces of bones, the points of connection)

atri-

vestibule (atria, upper chambers of the heart)

auscult-

listen (auscultatory method for measuring blood pressure)

aut-, auto-

self (autogenous, self-generated)

ax-, axi-, axo

axis (axle axial skeleton, axis of vertebral column)

azyg-

unpaired (azygous vein, an unpaired vessel)

baro-

pressure (baroreceptors for monitoring blood pressure)

basal

base (basal lamina of epithelial basement membrane)

bi-

two

bili-

bile (bilirubin, a bile pigment)

bio-

life (biology)

blast-

bud, germ (blastocyte, undifferentiated embryonic cell)

brachi-

arm (brachial plexus of peripheral nervous system supplies the arm

brady-

slow (bradycardia, slow heart rate)

brev-

short (fibularis brevis, a short leg muscle)

broncho-

bronchus (bronchospasm, spasmodic contraction of bronchial muscle)

bucco-

cheek (buccolabial, pertaining to the cheek and lip)

calor-

heat (calories, a measure of energy)

capill-

hair (blood and lymph capillaries)

caput-

head (decapitate, remove the head)

carcin-

cancer (carcinogen, a cancer-causing agent)

cardi-, cardio-

heart (cardiotoxic, harmful to the heart)

carneo-

flesh (trabeculae carneae, ridges of muscle in the ventricles of the heart)

carot-

carrot, (2) stupor (1) carotene, an orange pigment, (2) carotid arteries in the neck, blockage of which causes fainting

cata-

down (catabolism, chemical breakdown)

caud-

tail (caudal)

cec-

blind (cecum of large intestine, a blind-ended pouch)

cele-

abdominal (celiac artery, in the abdomen)

cephal-

head (cephalometer, an instrument for measuring the head)

cerebro-

brain, especially the cerebrum (cerebrospinal, pertaining to the brain and spinal cord)

cervic-, cervix-

neck (cervix of the uterus)

chiasm-

crossing (optic chiasma, where optic nerves cross)

chole-

bile (cholesterol, cholecystokinin, a bile-secreting hormone)

chondr-

cartilage (chondrogenic, giving rise to cartilage)

chrom-

colored (chromosome, so named because they stain darkly)

cili-

small hair (ciliated epithelium)

circum-

around (circumference)

clavic-

key (clavicle, a "skeleton key")

co-, con-

together (concentric, common center, together in the center)

coccy-

cuckoo (coccyx, which is beak-shaped)

cochlea-

snail shell (the cochlea of the inner ear, which is coiled like a snail shell)

coel-

hollow (coelom, the ventral body cavity)

commis-

united (gray commissure of the spinal cord connects the two columns of gray matter)

concha-

shell (nasal conchae, coiled shelves of bone in the nasal cavity)

contra-

against, opposite (contraception)

corn-, cornu-

horn (stratum corneum, outer layer of the skin composed of horny cells)

corona-

crown (coronal suture of the skull)

corp-

body (corpse)

cort-

bark (cortex, the outer layer of the brain, kidney, adrenal glands, and lymph nodes)

cost-

rib (intercostal, between the ribs)

crani-

skull (craniotomy, a skull operation)

crypt-

hidden (cryptomenorrhea, a condition in which menstrual symptoms are experienced but no external loss of blood occurs)

cusp-

pointed (bicuspid and tricuspid, valves of the heart)

cutic-

skin (cuticle of the nail)

cyan-

blue (cyanosis, blue color of the skin due to lack of oxygen)