A&P Senses

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large, complex sensory organs in the head

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large, complex sensory organs in the head

Where are sensory receptors?

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smell, taste, hearing, sight

What are the 4 special senses?

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olfactory organs

What do you use to smell?

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taste buds

What do you use to taste?

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equilibrium in ears

What do you use to hear?

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eyes

What do you use for sight?

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chemoreceptors

What responds to chemicals dissolved in liquids?

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olfactory receptors and epithelial cells

What do olfactory organs contain?

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nasal cavity, superior nasal conchae, nasal septum

What do olfactory organs cover parts of?

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nerves, bulb, tracts, limbic, cortex

Once olfactory receptors are stimulated, nerve impulses travel through olfactory ______ to olfactory ______ to olfactory ______ to __________ system and olfactory _______

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papille of tongue, roof of mouth, lining of cheeks, walls of pharynx

where are your taste buds located?

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taste cells

modified epithelial cells that function as receptors

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taste hairs

microvilli that protrude from taste cells; the sensitive parts of taste cells

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sweet, sour, salty, bitter

what are the 4 primary taste sensations?

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sweet

stimulated by carbohydrates

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sour

stimulated by acids

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salty

stimulated by salts

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bitter

stimulated by many organic compounds

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spicy

foods that activate pain receptors

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medulla oblongata, gustatory

sensory impulses from taste receptors travel along cranial nerves to _______ _______ to thalamus to ______________ cortex (for interpretation)

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outer, middle, inner

what are the 3 parts of the ear?

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hearing and equilibrium

What 2 things is the ear used for?

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auricle

your "ear", helps focus sounds into ear

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external acoustic meatus

ear canal, 1 inch long

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tympanic membrane

ear drum, picks up sound waves, cone shaped, semitransparent membrane attached to malleus

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ceruminous

what glands secrete earwax?

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cerumen

what is another name for earwax?

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hair

what helps keep objects out of the ear?

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middle ear (tympanic cavity)

air filled space in temporal bone

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malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), stapes (stirrup)

what are the 3 auditory ossicles (ear bones)?

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transmit, amplify, inner

bones ______ and ________ vibrations from tympanic membrane to ______ ear

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stapes

attached to inner ear at oval window, which vibrates fluid in ear stimulating receptors

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tympanic reflex

following a loud sound, muscles keep the ossicles from moving which protects ear

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auditory tube

connects middle ear with pharynx - maintains equal air pressure

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altitude

change in _______ changes pressure on ear

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air, popping

swallowing, yawning, or chewing opens valves. ____ rushes in making a _______ noise

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inner ear

it's a labyrinth - system of interconnecting chambers and tubes

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osseous labyrinth

in temporal bone with perilymph between it and membranous labyrinth - bony canal of inner ear in temporal bonesta

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endolymph

what is the membranous labyrinth filled with?

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semicircular canals

senses equilibrium

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vestibule

between the cochlea and canals

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snail shell

interprets sound, in the cochlea

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2

cochlea has a thin bony shelf that splits into ____ compartments?

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scala vestibuli

upper compartment of the cochlea that leads from oval window to apex spiral

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malleus

Auditory ossicle attached to tympanic membrane

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stapedius

muscle attached to stapes

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tectorial membrane

contacts hairs of hearing receptors

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tensor tympani

muscle attached to malleus

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scala tympani

lower compartment of cochlea, leads from apex to round window

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perilymph

what are the 2 compartments of the cochlea filled with?

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cochlear duct

in the cochlea between scala vestibulae and scala tympani - filled with endolymph

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vestibular membrane

between cochlear duct and scala vestibulae

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basilar membrane

between cochlear duct and scala tympani

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stiff, elastic fibers

what does the basilar membrane contain thousands of?

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oval window

Where do vibrations enter at?

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scala vestibulae, vestibular

after entering, vibrations travel through the ______ _________ and pass through the ___________ membrane

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cochlear duct, basilar membrane

after passing through the vestibular membrane, vibrations enter the _______ ______ where they move the __________ _____________

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scala tympani, round

after vibrations move the basilar membrane, they enter the _______ __________ and dissipate at the _______ window

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Corti, 16000

organ of ________ contains _______ hearing receptors on basilar membrane

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vibrations in the fluid

what causes the hairs to touch the tectorial membrane?

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20 to 20,000

what is the normal vibrations per second in the ear of a young person?

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vestibulocochlear

cells send impulse to brain on ______________ nerves and interprets sound

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static and dynamic

what are the 2 kinds of equilibrium?

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static equilibrium

when head and body are still

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utricle and saccule

What are the 2 chambers in the vestibule?

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macula

what are the hair cells in the vestibule chambers called?

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gelatinous fluid

what is macula surrounded by?

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position

gravity causes the gel to move thus telling the brain what _________ the head is in

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dynamic equilibrium

when head and body move, maintains balance

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different

each semicircular canal is in a _________ plane

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ampulla

What communicates with the utricle at the end of the canal?

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crista ampullaris

What is a sense organ that each ampulla houses?

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rapidly, inertia, bends

When head turns _, fluid in the ear wants to stay still due to _. This __ hair cells of crista ampullaris, which sends nerve impulse to the brain.

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eye lids

thin skin, orbicularis oculi closes it, levator palpebrae superioris opens it

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conjunctiva

mucus membrane that lines back of eye lid and front of eye ball

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lacrimal glands

above eye, secrete tears

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lacrimal ducts

collect fluid and passes into nasal cavity

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lysozyme

tears contain ________ - prevents eye infections

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superior rectus

rotates eye up and toward midline

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inferior rectus

rotates eye downward and toward midline

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medial rectus

rotates eye toward midline

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lateral rectus

rotates eye away from midline

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superior oblique

downward and away from midline

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inferior oblique

upward and away from midline

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