Studied by 7 peopleLow numbers on pH scale
Acidic
High numbers on pH scale
Alkaline
You measure pH by…
An indicator or a pH probe
Why is a pH probe better to measure pH?
It’s more accurate
Acid
Any substance that forms an aqueous solution with a pH lower than 7
Base
Any substance with a pH higher than 7
Acids release… in water making it acidic
H+ ions
Alkalis
A sub group of bases soluble in water
Alkalis form… in water
OH- ions
Neutralisation reaction
An acid and a base reacted together
Product of neutralisation reaction
A salt and water
Acids and bases are neutralised to form a substance with a pH of…
7
acid + alkali product
salt + water
acid + metal product
salt + hydrogen
acid + metal oxide product
salt + water
Hydrochloric
Acid, HCl
Sulfuric
Acid, H2SO4
Nitric
Acid, HNO3
Sodium hydroxide
Base, NaOH
Calcium carbonate
Base, CaCO3
Acids… in aqueous solutions
Ionise
Ionise
Releases hydrogen ions
Strong acids all…
Ionise completely (reactants turn fully into products)
Examples of weak acids
Ethanoic, citric, carbonic
The ionisation of a weak acid is…
Reversible
In a weak acid, there is an…
Equilibrium between the undissociated and dissociated
Strength
How much an acid dissociates
Concentration
How much acid there is in a certain volume
More concentrated solutions…
Contain more acid
As the concentration of H+ ions gets higher…
The pH gets lower
As you move from a pH of 7 to a pH of 6, the concentration of hydrogen ions…
Multiplies by 10
To get an acid with a low pH…
You need a high concentration of H+ ions
When metal oxides or metal hydroxides react with an acid, they form…
A salt and water
When acids react with a metal carbonate, you get…
A salt, water and carbon dioxide
To make a soluble salt, you…
React an acid with an insoluble base
Examples of soluble salts
calcium carbonate, lead sulfate, iron hydroxide
Salt
A compound that contains a positive ion and a negative ion
Salts of sodium, potassium, and ammonium are
Soluble SPA
Nitrate salts are…
Soluble N
Common chlorides are…
Soluble apart from silver and lead chlorides
Common sulfates are…
Soluble
Common carbonates and hydroxides are…
Insoluble except sodium, potassium and ammonium
which salt would be produced if you reacted a metal with hydrochloric acid
(metal) chloride
which salt would be produced if you reacted a metal with nitric
(metal) nitrate
which salt would be produced if you reacted a metal with sulfuric acid
(metal) sulfate
which salt would be produced if you reacted a metal with ethanoic acid
(metal) ethanoate
Note
Flashcard