Chemistry 161 Review

heterogeneous mixture

Composed of different kinds, diverse

homogeneous mixture

type of mixture in which the individual substances are evenly mixed

Law of Conservation of Mass

Matter is not created nor destroyed in any chemical or physical change

Accuracy

A description of how close a measurement is to the true value of the quantity measured.

Percision

The degree of exactness of a measurement

significant figures

include all known digits plus one estimated digit

Tetra (t)

10

Giga (G)

10^9

Mega (M)

10^6

kilo (k)

10^3

hecto (h)

10^2

deka (da)

10^1

centi (c)

10^-2

deci (d)

10^-1

centi (c)

10^-2

Milli (m)

10^-3

length

cm

time

s

mass

kilograms

volume

L

amount of a substance

mol

K=

273.15

temprature

K

Physical matter

goes thru phase changed

chemical matter

element compound mixture

Chemistry

The study of the properties of matter and how matter changes

scientific law

scientific theory

scientific hypothesis

An educated guess that seeks to explain observations of nature.

Pico (P)

10

nano (n)

10^-9

Micro (u)

10^-6

Solids

Definite shape and volume

Liquids

Definite volume, no definite shape

gas

Metals

Elements that are good conductors of electric current and heat.

Metalloids

Elements that have properties of both metals and nonmetals.

Transition Metals

groups 3-12

John Dalton

developed modern atomic theory

Aristotle

elemental theory

Alchemist

one who practices medieval chemistry or tries to change metals into gold

Matter is

anything that has mass and takes up space

Property

a characteristic that can be observed or measured

Elements

Any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances

mass number

the sum of the number of neutrons and protons in an atomic nucleus

Nuclide Symbol

(A) (z)

group 16

chalcogens

innertranstion metals

lanthinides and anthenides

Isotopes are

atoms of the same element with different mass numbers

Copper (II)

Cu

Flurine

F

gold

Au

Hellium

He

Magnesium

Mg

Maganese

Mn

Mercury

Hg

neon

Ne

Nickle

Ni

Oxigen

O

nitrogen

N

phosphorus

P

Sodium

Na

tin

Sn

zinc

Zn

Hydrogen

H

iodine

I

lead

Pb

iron

Fe

volume

the amount of space an object takes up

speed

Distance/time

Density

mass/volume

aluminum

Al

Barium

Ba

bromine

Br

Calcium

Ca

carbon

C

Chromium

Cr

cobalt

Co

Thompson

Discovered electrons

Earnest Rutherford

The Father of Nuclear Science protons neuclous

James Chadwick

Discovered the neutron

law of definite proportions

a given compound always contains exactly the same proportion of elements by mass

Potassium

K

Sillicon

Si

silver

Ag

sulfur

S

HPO4-2

monohydrogen phosphate

H2PO4-

dihydrogen phosphate

SO4-2

sulfate

HSO4-

hydrogen sulfate

SO3-2

sulfite

S-2

sulfide

HSO3-

hydrogen sulfite

CN-

cyanide

Cr2O7 -2

dichromate

OH-

hydroxide

F-

fluoride

NO3-

nitrate

I-

iodide

C2O4-2

oxalate