Digestive system

abdomin/o-

abdomin/o-

abdomen

amyl/o

starch

antr/o-

relationship to an antrum

appendic/o

appendix

-ase

enzyme

bilirubin/o

bilirubin

celi/o

belly, abdomen

cheiol/o

Lip

chol/e, bil/i

gall, bile

cholecyst/o

gallbladder

choledoch/o

common bile duct

col/o, colon/o

colon

dent/o, odont/o

teeth

duoden/o

duodenum

enter/o

small intestine

esophag/o

esophagus

gastr/o

stomach

gingiv/o

gums

gloss/o-

tongue

gluc/o, glyc/o

sugar

palat/o

palate

hepat/o

liver

ile/o

Ileum

-iasis

abnormal condition

jejun/o

jejunum

labi/o, cheil/o

lip

lingu/o, gloss/o

tongue

lip/o, steat/o

fat, lipids

or/o

mouth, oral

palat/o

palate

pancreat/o

pancreas

peritone/o

peritoneum

pharyng/o

pharynx, throat

polyp-

a tumor with a pedicle (many footed)

-prandial

meal

proct/o

anus, rectum

pylor/o

pylorus

rect/o

rectum

sial/o

Saliva

sialladen/o

Salivary galnd

sigmoid/o

Sigmoid colon

spleen/o

Spleen

stomat/o

Mouth

submaxill/o

Lower jaw

tonsill/o

Tonsil

dys-

bad, difficult, painful

re-

back

retro-

backward, back

sub-

under, below

-clysis

irrigation, washing

-ectomy

surgical removal

-flux

flow

-gram

record

-iasis

abnormal condition

-ist

a specialist

-itis

inflammation

-lithiasis

calculus or stone

-lytic

destruction or breakdown

-orrhaphy

surgical fixation or suturing

-rrhaphy

Suturing in place

-ostomy

creation of an artificial opening

-plasty

repair

-pahgia

eating, swallowing

-prandal

meal

-scope

instrument for examining

-spasm

sudden involuntary muscle

contraction

Anorexia

Lack of appetite

Anorexia nervosa

Psychiatric disorder; an abnormal fear of becoming obese

Aphagia

Inability to swallow

Aphthous stomatitis

Canker sores in the mouth

Ascites

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity caused by cirrhosis, tumors, and infection

Borborygmus

Rumbling, gurgling sound made by moving of gas in the intestine

Bruxism

Grinding the teeth involuntarily, often while sleeping

Calculus

Stones

Cashexia

Generalized poor nutrition

Cathartic

Strong laxative

Cholelithiasis

Condition of having gallstones

Cleft palate

Congenital split in the roof of the mouth or upper lip

Constipation

Difficult or delayed defecation caused by low peristalsis movement, by over-absorption of water as its contents sit too long in the intestine, or by dehydration

Dental caries

Cavities in the teeth (caries means “decay”)

Diarrhea

Frequent discharge of liquid stool (feces)

Diverticula

Abnormal side pockets in hollow structures such as the intestines, sigmoid colon, and duodenum

Duodenal ulcer

Ulcer in the duodenum

Dyspepsia

Difficult digestion

Dysphagia

Difficulty swallowing

Dysphasia

Difficulty speaking

Edentulous

Without teeth

Gastric ulcer

Lesion on the wall of the stomach (peptic ulcer)

Gastritis

Inflammation of the stomach

Gastrodynia

Pain in the stomach

Gingivitis

Inflammation of the gums

Heartburn

Burning sensation caused by reflux or flowing back of acid from the stomach into the esophagus

Hematemesis

Vomiting blood

Hemorrhoids

Swollen or twisted veins either outside or just inside the anus

Hepatoma

Tumor of the liver

Hepatomegaly

Enlargement of the liver

Hernia

A protrusion of an organ or part of an organ through the wall of the cavity that contains it

Herpes simplex

Cold sore or fever blister on the lip or nose due to the herpes virus

Anal fistula

An abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus communicating with the rectum

Anorexia

Psychiatric condition involving self-deprivation of food, lack of appetite, and pathological weight loss