History - In search of the American dream: The USA

Why did the USA reject the TOV and retreat into isolationism? (3 reasons)

National mood: After WW1, there was a shift in American psyche, the public had seen what happened when the USA got involved in international affairs and they now craved a return to isolationism however Wilson was a dedicated internationalist who saw America as the worlds policeman and was adamant on the USA joining the league of nations (congress did say no to this though).

Wilson’s weakness: After suffering a serious stroke in September 1919, Wilson was paralysed on his left side and blind in his left eye. This had a serious impact on his campaign. Wilson also alienated many former allies by clinging to his idealistic principles and stubbornly insisting that the League of Nations was the only way forward.

Strength of opposition: Senator William Borah played an important part in convincing the Senate to vote against the LON; his speech in Nov 1919 was considered devastatingly effective. Once the war was over, those who had always opposed American entanglements abroad were able to make themselves heard again. The Republican ‘Irreconcilables was one such group.

What election did Warren Harding win and why did the American public choose him over Wilson?

What party was each president from and when were there terms?

1920 election

Shift in American psyche post-war meant Americans wanted isolationism which Harding promised with his return to ‘normalcy’ campaign. Wilson was an internationalist whereas Harding was an isolationist.

Wilson = Democrat, 1913-1921

Harding = Republican, 1921-1923

What was Hardings economic system?

Laissez-faire economics (essentially meant the government didn’t intervene), Laissez-Faire translates to leave well alone.

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