CPHM FINALS

0.0(0)
studied byStudied by 2 people
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/150

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

151 Terms

1
New cards
Noncommunicable Disease
is a disease that is not spread through contact.
2
New cards
Noncommunicable Disease
Are caused by how people live, conditions they are born with, or environmental hazards.
3
New cards
Noncommunicable Disease
Are not spread by contact because most are not caused by germs. Instead they are the breakdown in body cells and tissues.
4
New cards
Degenerative Diseases
Cause further breakdown, or degeneration in body cells and tissues as they progress
5
New cards
Chronic Diseases
Are present either continuously or off and on over a long period of time. May develop as a result of a person’s lifestyle behaviors or substances in a person’s environment
6
New cards
Diseases Present at Birth
Genetic Disorder,Birth Defect
7
New cards
Genetic Disorder
one in which the body does not develop or function normally because of an inherited problem
8
New cards
Birth Defect
disorders of the developing and newborn baby, causes unknown
9
New cards
Diseases Resulting from Lifestyle Behaviors
Many diseases are the direct or indirect result of harmful lifestyle behaviors. Healthful lifestyle behaviors, on the other hand, can help prevent or control certain diseases and disorders.
10
New cards
Diseases Caused by the Environment
Examples of harmful substances that may be present in the environment: Fumes for chemicals, second hand smoke, radon, asbestos
11
New cards
Epidemiological
NCDs overriding infectious diseases and double burden of diseases in many developing countries.
12
New cards
Lifestyles
tobacco use is increasing, diets are rapidly changing, physical activity reduces, alcohol use increases, obesity, hypertension are increasing in most parts of the world, while undernutrition remains a severe issue
13
New cards
COMMUNICABLE DISEASE
• Sudden onset

• Single cause

Short natural history

• Cure is achieved

• Single disciple

• Short follow up
14
New cards
NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASE
• Gradual onset • Multiple etiology • Long natural history • Care predominates • Multidisciplinary • Prolonged follow-up
15
New cards
4 Common Risk Factors responsible for majority of NCDs
inactivity, unhealthy diet, tobacco, alcohol
16
New cards
Recommended standard of eating fruit and vegetable
100% eating FIVE servings DAILY
17
New cards
Total daily requirement of eating fruit and vegetable
400g/capita
18
New cards
Actual consumption of eating fruit and vegetable
111g/capita
19
New cards
current use of tobacco product among adolescents (both sexes)
22% (20% in 2003)
20
New cards
current use of tobacco product among adolescents (boys)
34% (27% in 2003)
21
New cards
current use of tobacco product among adolescents (girls)
14% (13% in 2003)
22
New cards
Heart Disease
the #1 killer of adults in the US!
23
New cards
Heart Disease
includes any condition that lessens the strength or function of the heart or blood vessels. • Healthy lifestyle behaviors lower risk of heart disease
24
New cards
coronary arteries
The arteries that supply your heart muscles with blood are called
25
New cards
Atherosclerosis
condition in which fatty substances (ex- cholesterol) in the blood are deposited on the walls of the arteries
26
New cards
Cholesterol
a fatty substance that causes that causes atherosclerosis, some cholesterol is produced by the body, certain foods also contain cholesterol
27
New cards
Arteriosclerosis
hardening of the arteries. Slows flow of blood and is a major cause of high blood pressure.
28
New cards
heart attack.
When a coronary artery is blocked, the result can be
29
New cards
stroke
When an artery in the brain is blocked the result can be a
30
New cards
Blood Pressure
force of the blood on the inside walls of the blood vessels.
31
New cards
110/70
Typical blood pressure for teens is
32
New cards
Hypertension (high blood pressure)
when the blood pressure is consistently higher then normal.
33
New cards
4 factors that increase your chances of having high blood pressure
• Eating a large amount of salt • Being overweight • Feeling extreme stress for long periods of time • Having a family history of high blood pressure
34
New cards
Risk Factors for Heart Disease – Not within a person’s control:
• Age • Gender • Race • Family history
35
New cards
Within a person’s control:
• Weight • Exercise • Diet • Tobacco
36
New cards
Heart Transplant
replacing diseased heart with healthy heart from a donor
37
New cards
Bypass Surgery
remove a vein from the leg and form a detour around the blockage
38
New cards
Dissolving Blood Clots
medications are used to dissolve the clots
39
New cards
Treating Heart Disease
– Angioplasty – Medication – Changing Lifestyle Behaviors
40
New cards
HYPERTENSION (HPN)
is defined as sustained elevation in mean arterial pressure. It is not a single disease state but a disorder with many causes, a variety of symptoms and a range of responses to therapy
41
New cards
Primary HPN
has no definite cause
42
New cards
Secondary HPN
usually result of some other primary diseases leading to HPN such as renal disease
43
New cards
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
* it is also known as Ischemic Heart Disease
* when the coronary arteries become narrowed or clogged, supply of blood and oxygen to the heart muscle is affected
* when there is decreased oxygen supply to the heart muscle, chest pain occurs (angina)
* can cause myocardial infarction (heart attack), arrhythmias, heart failure and sudden death
44
New cards
Modifiable risk factors
• High lipid and cholesterol level in the blood = high LDL • Smoking • Obesity • Physical inactivity or sedentary lifestyle • Stress
45
New cards
Non-modifiable risk factors
• Hereditary or family history • Gender • Age
46
New cards
Cerebrovascular Disease or Stroke
Loss or alteration of bodily function that results from an insufficient supply of blood to some parts of the brain. If blood is obstructed for more than several minutes, injury to the brain cells becomes permanent and tissue dies in the affected region resulting in cerebral infarction
47
New cards
Three types of stroke
Thrombotic stroke ,Embolic stroke, Hemorrhagic stroke
48
New cards
Thrombotic stroke
usually occurs in atherosclerotic blood vessel commonly seen in older people
49
New cards
Embolic stroke
caused by a moving blood clot usually from a thrombus in the left heart that becomes lodged in a small artery through which it cannot pass
50
New cards
Hemorrhagic stroke
most fatal type of stroke, rupture of intracerebral blood vessel
51
New cards
CANCER
* develops when cells in a part of the body begin to grow out of control.
* continue to grow and divide even when there is no need to do so. Instead of dying they outlive normal cells and continue to form new abnormal cells. They compete with normal cells for the blood supply and nutrients
52
New cards
metastasis
Cancer cells often travel to other parts of the body where they begin to grow and replace normal tissue
53
New cards
Causes of cancer
• Hereditary/family history

• Carcinogens

• Polycyclic hydrocarbon

• Benzopyrene

• Nitrosamine

• Radiation

• Viruses

• Aflatoxin
54
New cards
Carcinogens
agent capable of causing cancer, maybe chemical, environmental agent, radiation
55
New cards
Polycyclic hydrocarbon
are chemicals found in cigarette smoke, industrial agents and in smoked foods
56
New cards
Benzopyrene
produced when meat and fish are charcoal broiled or smoked, also produced when food is fried in fat that has been reused repeatedly
57
New cards
Nitrosamines
powerful carcinogens used as preservatives in foods like tocino, longganisa bacon, hotdogs
58
New cards
Radiation
UV rays from sunlight, x-rays
59
New cards
Aflatoxin
found in peanuts and peanut butter
60
New cards
Cancer
2nd leading cause of death in adults in the US

– Involve abnormal body cells growing out of control.

– Many different types of cancers that affect most parts of the body.
61
New cards
Tumors (groups of abnormal cells)
Benign and Malignant
62
New cards
Benign Tumor
tumor that are not cancerous
63
New cards
Malignant Tumor
tumor that are cancerous
64
New cards
Diagnosing Cancer
• Routine Physical Examination • Blood Tests • Biopsy- small piece of tissue is removed for testing in a lab
65
New cards
American Cancer Society
There are 7 warning signs of cancer identified by the blank
66
New cards
Warning Signs of Cancer
Change in bowel or bladder habits

A sore that does not heal

Unusual bleeding or discharge

Thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere

Indigestion or difficulty swallowing

Obvious change in a wart or mole

Nagging cough or hoarseness
67
New cards
Surgery
remove cancer cells from the body
68
New cards
Radiation
X-rays, or other radioactive substances are aimed at a tumor
69
New cards
Chemotherapy
chemicals are used to destroy cancer cells
70
New cards
Lung cancer
Tobacco smoking, second hand smoke, radiation exposure
71
New cards
DIABETES MELLITUS
Genetically and clinically heterogeneous group of metabolic disorder characterized by glucose intolerance with hyperglycemia present at time of diagnosis
72
New cards
TYPE I – Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM)
• Characterized by absolute lack of insulin due to damaged pancreas • Dependent of insulin injections • Genetic, environment or maybe acquired
73
New cards
TYPE II – Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM)
• More common, 90-95% of all person with diabetes • More preventable because it is associated with obesity and diet • Possible cause include impaired insulin secretion and increased hepatic glucose production • Usually in older and overweight persons
74
New cards
GESTATIONAL DIABETES
develops during pregnancy and may lead to Type II DM
75
New cards
CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD)
Major cause of chronic morbidity and mortality worldwide

– 4th leading cause of mortality.

It is a disease characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible.

The airflow limitation is usually progressive and associated with an abnormal inflammatory response of the lungs to noxious particles or gases
76
New cards
Underweight
Below 18.5 BMI
77
New cards
Normal or Healthy Weight
18\.5 – 24.9 BMI
78
New cards
Overweight
25\.0 – 29.9 BMI
79
New cards
Obese
30\.0 and Above BMI
80
New cards
HYPERTENSION Normal
SBP mmHg :
81
New cards
PreHPN HYPERTENSION
SBP mmHg:120-139

DBP mmHg :80-89
82
New cards
HPN stage I
SBP mmHg : 140-159

DBP mmHg : 90-99
83
New cards
HPN stage II
SBP mmHg : >160

DBP mmHg : >100
84
New cards
Harmful substances in tobacco
Tar • Nicotine • Carbon monoxide
85
New cards
4,000 , 43
Tobacco contains blank chemicals, blank have been proven carcinogenic
86
New cards
Nutrition
The science of foods and the substance that they contain, their action, interaction and balance in relation to health and disease

\-Includes the processes by which an organism ingests, digests, absorbs, transports, utilizes and excretes food substances
87
New cards
Food
• Any substance the body can take in and assimilate

• Essential for life • Derived from plant and animal sources

• Provide energy and nutrients

• Used by the body for maintenance, growth and repair
88
New cards
Biological Needs - Food
\- mild starvation leads to weakness and irritability

\- severe starvation leads to hallucination, illness and death
89
New cards
Biological Needs - Water
dehydration can lead to decreased alertness up to death
90
New cards
Biological Needs - Sensory
aesthetic appeal of food
91
New cards
Social and Cultural Factors
Religion and Cultural practices
92
New cards
Cultural practices
social connection, bonding and achievements
93
New cards
Religion
certain foods have symbolic role
94
New cards
Economic Factors
Higher incomes result to greater food choice and higher education

• Low incomes are associated with unbalanced diets in developing countries
95
New cards
Physical Factors
* Rural or urban location

• Access to transport increases consumer choices

• Accessability and availability of food
96
New cards
Time Factors
• Lack of time leads to consumption of convenience foods

• Key to improve diet is improve quality of convenience foods
97
New cards
Psychological Factors
• Emotional eating

• External cues

• Esteem
98
New cards
NUTRIENTS
Components of food required for body’s functioning
99
New cards
NUTRITIONAL STATUS
Condition of the body resulting from the ingestion and utilization of nutrients

• Foods consumed have a cumulative effect on your body

• Well chosen array of foods will prevent malnutrition
100
New cards
MALNUTRITION (Undernutrition)
Nutrient deficiencies