11 Personality - Psychology 2e

These flashcards cover key concepts and terms related to personality from Psychology 2e, including definitions, historical perspectives, and modern theories.

Personality

The long-standing traits and patterns that propel individuals to consistently think, feel, and behave in specific ways.

Choleric

A temperament characterized by being passionate, ambitious, and bold.

Melancholic

A temperament characterized by being reserved, anxious, and unhappy.

Sanguine

A temperament characterized by being joyful, eager, and optimistic.

Phlegmatic

A temperament characterized by being calm, reliable, and thoughtful.

Freud's ID

The primitive part of personality that contains basic urges for hunger, thirst, and sex, operating on the pleasure principle.

Freud's Ego

The rational part of personality that mediates between the ID and the Superego, operating on the reality principle.

Freud's Superego

The moral component of personality that incorporates social rules and strives for perfection.

Defense Mechanisms

Unconscious protective behaviors used by the ego to reduce anxiety and restore balance between the ID and Superego.

Oedipus Complex

A child's feelings of desire for the opposite-sex parent and jealousy toward the same-sex parent.

Introversion

A personality trait characterized by energy derived from solitude and a focus on internal thoughts.

Extroversion

A personality trait characterized by energy derived from interaction with others and a focus on external stimuli.

Reciprocal Determinism

The concept that behavioral, cognitive, and environmental factors all influence each other in personality development.

Locus of Control

A person's belief about the extent to which they can control events affecting them, ranging from internal to external.

Trait Theory

The approach in personality psychology that prioritizes the identification and measurement of individual traits.

Five Factor Model

A model describing personality using five core traits: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extroversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism.

HEXACO Model

A six-dimensional model of personality that includes Honesty-Humility, Emotionality, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Openness.

Cultural Influences on Personality

The idea that cultural factors, including beliefs and customs, significantly affect personality traits and expressions.

Somatotype

A classification system linking body type to personality traits, proposed by William H. Sheldon.

Projective Tests

Assessment methods utilizing ambiguous stimuli to uncover unconscious thoughts and feelings.

MMPI

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory; a widely used psychological test assessing personality and psychopathology.