Practical 2, The Blood Vessels

arteries, veins, and capillaries

Blood flows through a complex network of _________________

Arterioles

Blood flow process begins at the large arteries leaving the heart, progresses into smaller arteries, and then into ___________.

capillary beds

arterioles feed into the _____________ within the tissues where all chemical and gaseous exchange takes place.

great veins

Draining the capillary beds are small venules, which in turn drain into larger veins, before draining into the two ___________ entering the heart.

superficial temporal artery, common carotid artery, brachial artery, radial artery, femoral artery, popliteal artery, and posterior tibial artery

Common superficial pulse points

Tunics

With the exception of the capillaries, blood vessel walls consist of three layers called _______.

Coronary Circulation

Separate circulation providing nourishment and
removing waste products form the myocardium of
the heart to maintain homeostasis.

Right & Left coronary arteries

Only arteries of ascending aorta

Right & Left coronary arteries

Originate immediately superior to aortic valve

tunica interna

innermost layer

tunica interna

consists of endothelium with basal lamina, loose connective tissue

tunica interna

has an internal elastic membrane

tunica media

middle layer

tunica media

smooth muscle tissue in a circular arrangement and loose connective tissue

tunica externa

outermost layer

tunica externa

consists of collagen and elastic fibers arranged in an external elastic membrane

Elastic arteries

conducting arteries

Elastic arteries

Have the largest luminal diameter with an abundance of elastic fibers (eg, aorta and pulmonary trunk).

Muscular arteries

distributing arteries

Muscular arteries

Delivers blood to specific body regions. (e.g. brachial artery and femoral artery).

Muscular arteries

Distinguished by having the thickest wall of all the blood vessels and having a distinct internal elastic membrane

Arterioles

Deliver blood to capillary beds.

Arterioles

Very thin.

Capillaries

Continuous capillaries

Continuous Capillaries

Least permeable capillary consisting of endothelium only.

Continuous Capillaries

Abundant in skin, skeletal muscles, and brain.

Fenestrated capillaries

Moderately permeable capillary consisting of endothelium only.

Fenestrated capillaries

Found in digestive organs and endocrine glands.

Sinusoids

Most permeable capillary consisting of endothelium only.

Sinusoids

Located in the liver and spleen.

Venule

Formed when capillaries unite.

Venule

Smallest veins.

Venule

Consists of all three tunics. Unites to form veins.

Medium-sized veins

Formed when several venules unite.

Medium-sized veins

Companion to the muscular arteries.

Medium-sized veins

Most contain numerous valves that prevent blood from pooling in the limbs.

Large veins

Largest veins in the body.

Large veins

Deliver blood directly to the heart.

Continuous

blood moves through the cardiovascular system in a ______________ fashion.

Brachiocephalic Trunk

Supplies vessels in the right arm and right side of the neck and head.

Brachiocephalic Trunk

Gives rise to the right common carotid and right subclavian arteries.

Common Carotid Arteries

Supplies the head and neck.

Common Carotid Arteries

Gives rise to the internal and external carotid arteries.

Internal Carotid Arteries

Supplies the brain and eye.

Internal Carotid Arteries

Ends in terminal branches inside the cranium.

External Carotid Arteries

Supplies blood to the face and scalp.

External Carotid Arteries

Gives rise to the superficial temporal and facial arteries.

Superficial Temporal Arteries

Supplies the superficial temporal scalp.

Vertebral Arteries

Supplies the brain and spinal cord.

Vertebral Arteries

Joins to form the basilar artery at the base of the brain.

Subclavian Arteries

Supplies blood to the upper limbs.

Subclavian Arteries

Gives rise to the axillary and vertebral arteries.

Axillary Arteries

Continuation of the subclavian artery.

Axillary Arteries

Supplies blood to the shoulder. Gives rise to the brachial arteries.

Brachial Arteries

Continuation of the axillary artery. Supplies blood to the arm.

Brachial Arteries

Gives rise to the ulnar and radial arteries.

Radial Arteries

Supplies blood to the lateral side of the forearm.

Radial Arteries and Ulnar arteries

Gives rise to the superficial and deep palmar arches.

Ulnar Arteries

Supplies blood to the medial side of the forearm.

Superficial Palmar Arches

Branch of the radial artery, anastomoses with the ulnar artery.

Superficial Palmar Arches

Supplies the digits.

Deep Palmar Arches

Branch of the ulnar artery, anastomoses with the radial artery

Deep Palmar Arches

Supplies the carpal bones.

Renal Arteries

Branches from the aorta immediately caudal to the superior mesenteric artery.

Renal Arteries

Supplies the kidneys.

Celiac Trunk

Branches from the aorta inferior to the diaphragm.

Celiac Trunk

Gives rise to the gastric, splenic, and common hepatic arteries.

Gastric, Splenic, and Common Hepatic Artery

Branches of the celiac trunk.

Gastric Artery

Supplies the stomach and esophagus.

Splenic Artery

Supplies the spleen, stomach, and pancreas.

Common Hepatic Artery

Supplies the stomach, liver, and gallbladder.

Superior Mesenteric Artery

Branches from the aorta inferior to the celiac trunk.

Superior Mesenteric Artery

Supplies the small intestine, appendix, and first half of the large intestine.

Inferior Mesenteric Artery

Branches from the aorta inferior to the superior mesenteric artery.

Inferior Mesenteric Artery

Supplies the second half of the large intestine and rectum.

Common lliac Arteries

Rises from the bifurcation of the distal portion of the aorta.

Common lliac Arteries

Gives rise to the internal and external iliac arteries

External and Internal Iliac Arteries

Branches of the common iliac artery.

External Iliac Arteries

Supplies blood to the lower limb.

External Iliac Arteries

Gives rise to the femoral artery.

Internal Iliac Arteries

Supplies blood to the viscera of the pelvic and gluteal regions

Femoral Arteries

Continuation of the external iliac artery.

Femoral Arteries

Supplies blood to the thigh.

Femoral Arteries

Gives rise to the popliteal arteries.

Popliteal Arteries

Continuation of the femoral artery.

Popliteal Arteries

Supplies blood to the posterior knee.

Popliteal Arteries

Gives rise to the anterior and posterior tibial arteries.

Anterior and Posterior Tibial Arteries

Branches of the popliteal artery.

Anterior Tibial Arteries

Supplies the anterior dower leg.

Anterior Tibial Arteries

Gives rise to the dorsalis pedis artery.

Posterior Tibial Arteries

Supplies the posterior lower leg.

Dorsalis Pedis Arteries

Continuation of the anterior tibial artery.

Dorsalis Pedis Arteries

Supplies the ankle foot.

Systemic Veins of the Head and Neck

Brachiocephalic Veins

Drains the head and upper limbs.

Brachiocephalic Veins

Short trunks unite to form the superior vena cava.

Internal Jugular Veins

Drains the brain, face, and neck.

Internal Jugular Veins

Travels inferiorly with the internal carotid and common carotid arteries.

Joins the subclavian vein to form the brachiocephalic vein.

External Jugular Veins

Drains the superficial face, neck, and scalp.