Organic Chemistry - IUPAC Naming, Intermolecular forces and Water Solubility

Alkanes

• Single bond hydrocarbons

• end with “ane”

Alkenes

• double bond hydrocarbons

• end with “ene”

Alkyne

• triple bond hydrocarbons

• end with “yne”

Alcohols

• Contains an -OH (hydroxyl group)

• Replace “e” with “-ol”

• dipole-dipole bonds and h-bonds

Ethers

• 2 groups attached to O

• Small group + “-oxy” and the full name of the large group

• Dipole-dipole bonds

Thiols

• Contains sulfhydryl group (-SH)

• Add “-thiol” to the full alkane name

Aldehydes

• Contains a carbonyl group (C=O) attached to the first carbon

• Replace “e” with “-al”

• Dipole-Dipole Bonds

Ketones

• Contains a carbonyl group (C=O) but has 2 carbon substituents

• Replace “e” with “-one”

• Dipole-Dipole bonds

Carboxylic Acids

• Contains a carboxyl group (C=O and -OH)

• Replace “e” with “-oic acid”

• Strong dipole-dipole bonds and “Super H-Bonds (dimers)

Esters

• H in Carboxylic acid is replaced with an alkyl group (-O + =O)

• Name of Alkyl group from alcohol + Carbon chain from acid with “-ate” ending

Amine

• contains N

• Change “-e” in alkane name to “-amine”

Amide

• Amino group (-NH2) replaced -OH group of carboxylic acid

• Replace “-oic acid” with “-amide)