2.4 Eukaryotic Cell Structure

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29 Terms

1
Nucleus
The control center of the cell, containing DNA.
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2
Cytoplasm
The jelly-like fluid inside the cell where organelles are suspended.
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3
Ribosomes
Molecular machines that synthesize proteins.
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4
Centrioles

Structures made of 9 microtubules in a cylinder, involved in cell division.

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5
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
Endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes, involved in protein synthesis.
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6
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)
Endoplasmic reticulum without ribosomes, involved in lipid synthesis.
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7
Cytoskeleton
Network of protein filaments that provide structure and support to the cell.
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8
Mitochondria
Organelles that are the site of cellular respiration and ATP production.
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9
Golgi Apparatus
An organelle that modifies proteins and sends them out through exocytosis.
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10
Vesicles

Transport and secretory. Small membrane-bound sacs that transport materials within the cell.

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11
Microtubule network

A component of the cytoskeleton involved in cell shape and vesicle and organelle transport. Create spindle fibres and centrioles.

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12
Plasma Membrane
The outer boundary of the cell that controls movement in and out.
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13
Nuclear Envelope
Double membrane that protects the nucleus.
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14
Nuclear Pores
Structures that allow molecules to move in and out of the nucleus.
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15
Chromatin
DNA loosely wrapped around histone proteins.
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16
Chromatid
One of the two identical halves of a chromosome.
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17
Chromosome
DNA tightly wrapped around histone proteins.
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18
Mitochondrial envelope
Double membrane surrounding mitochondria.
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19
Cristae
Folds of the inner membrane of mitochondria.
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20
mtDNA
Circular DNA found in mitochondria.
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21
Matrix
The cytoplasm within mitochondria.
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22
Cisternae
Flattened membrane-bound compartments within the Golgi apparatus.
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23
Exocytosis
The process by which materials are expelled from the cell.
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24
Protein Synthesis
The process of translating mRNA into proteins.
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25
Histone
Proteins that DNA wraps around to form chromatin.
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26
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
The energy currency of the cell.
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27
Cellular Respiration
The metabolic process that converts food into energy.
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28

Centrosome

2 centrioles at 90 degrees. Organises microtubules during mitosis. Duplicates during cell division.

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29

70s ribosomes

present in prokRYOTES, MITOCHONDRIA AND CHLOROPLASTS

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