Studied by 15 people
prejudice
an unjustifiable and usually negative attitude toward a group and its members; generally involves sterotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and a predisposition to discriminatory action
stereotype
A generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people
discrimination
unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members
just-world phenomenon
the tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get
ingroup
"us" people with whom we share a common identity
outgroup
"them" those perceived as different or apart from an ingroup
ingroup bias
the tendency to favor our own group
scapegoat theory
the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame
other-race effect
the tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races. Also called the cross race effect and the own race bias
aggression
any physical or verbal behavior intended to harm someone physically or emotionally
frustration-aggression principle
the principle that frustration--the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal--creates anger, which can generate aggression
social script
culturally modeled guide for how to act in various situations
mere exposure effect
the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them
passionate love
an aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship
companionate love
the deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined
equity
a condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it
self-disclosure
the act of revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others
altruism
unselfish regard for the welfare of others
bystander effect
the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present
social exchange theory
the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize cost
reciprocity norm
an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them
social-responsibility norm
an expectation that people will help those needing help
conflict
a perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas
social traps
a situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest rather than the good of the group, become caught in mutually destructive behavior
mirror-image perceptions
mutual views often held by conflicting people
self-fulfilling prophecy
a belief that leads to its own fulfillment
superordinate goals
shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation
GRIT
a strategy designed to decrease international tensions; Graduated and Reciprocated Initiations in Tension-Reduction
Note
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