Pharmacology Chapter 1

Oral and Enteral Route

Most common route

Tablets, capsules, liquids, suspensions. elixirs. lozenges

90 degrees

Sublingual route

Under tongue

Directly enters blood stream bypasses liver

Buccal route

Between cheek and gum

Directly enters blood stream bypasses liver

Transdermal route

Med in a skin patch for absorption

Rotate sites

Topical route

Powders, sprays, creams, ointments

Directly applied to mucous membranes or skin

Surgical Asepsis to apply to open wounds

Rights of Drug Administration

Right patient

Right medication

Right dose

Right route

Right time

Right reason

Right documentation

Identifying patient

Pts full name

Date of Birth

Medical record number

Account number

Admitting physician

Pharmacology

Study of biological effects of chemicals

Drugs

Chemicals that are introduced into the body to cause some sort of change

Clincal pharmacology

Addresses the drugs effects on the body and the body’s response to the drug

Side effects vs adverse effects

Ex: Constipation

Ex: Heart flutters

ADPIE

Assessmment points

Considering nursing diagnosis

Planning patient centered care

Implementing interventions that should be considered

Evaluation points that will provide a guide for the incorporation of the drug therapy into patient care

Synthetic Drugs

Made in a lab

Prototype drugs

The drug that has been tested on the most in a certain drug class

FDA

Monitors what drugs are allowed on the market

All drugs are supposed to be FDA approved

Determine what is safe

Preclinical Trials

Chemicals tested on labrotory animals to see effects on living tissue and to evaluate adverse effects

Drug safety during pregnancy

Per the FDA if the drug is safe for pregnant person and baby

Drug x: Plan B (not safe)

Drug A: Folic acid (safe)

FDA Category A

Safe

FDA Category X

Not safe

FDA Category C

Unknown if benefit outweighs risk

FDA Category D

Risk over benefit

FDA Category B

Benefit over risk

Schedule 1

No therapeutic use

Highest potential for abuse

Schedule 2

High potential for abuse

Schedule 3

Still dependent but not as high as 1 and 2

Schedule 4

More common drugs however they can be become dependent

Schedule 5

Safest, cannot develop a on it

Therapeutic Class

Therapeutic usefulness in treating diseases

Drug may have multiple therapeutic classes

Ex: Antihypertensive (lowers blood pressure)

Pharmacologic Class

The way a drug works at the molecular, tissue, or body system (MOA)

More specific - pathologic

Ex: Ace inhibitor (How does it lower blood pressure)

Brand name/trade name/proprietary

Given by the pharmaceutical company

Always capitalized

Trademark (small R)

Generic Name

Original designation that a drug is given when the drug company that developed it applies for approval process

Will always be lowercase

Chemical name

Reflects the chemical structure of a drug

Prescription

Requires a written order

Over-the-counter

Self-treatment

Right Documentation

Do not document until its administered

Drug label

Be able to read drug label expample